Vascular and Lymph System Flashcards
Allen’s test
- -Occlude both radial and ulnar arteries
- -Clench and unclench patient’s fist
- -Release ulnar artery
- -Repeat, but release radial artery
- -Watch for reperfusion of the palm (normal within 3-5 seconds)
- -If the ulnar artery is insufficient, don’t puncture the radial artery
Normal capillary refill
Less than 2 seconds
Jugular venous pressure assessment
Three waveforms:
a - rebound from atrial systole
c - expansion of underlying carotid artery
v - filling of right atrium as tricuspid valve closes
Prominent a wave in JVP assessment
Increased resistance to right atrial contraction
Absent a wave in JVP assessment
Atrial fibrillation
Large v waves in JVP assessment
Tricuspid regurgitation and constrictive pericarditis
Crackles when auscultating lungs
Fluid leaking out the circulation
Consolidation in lung auscultation
Lymphatic overload
Purpose of Trendelenburg test
Assess for venous incompetence and can be used to locate incompetent valves in the saphenous vein and communicating veins
Grading pitting edema
1 - slight, disappears quickly
2 - deeper pit, disappears in 10-15 seconds
3 - noticeable deep pit, more than a minute
4 - very deep pit, 2-5 minutes
Aneurysm
“Swelling of the wall of an artery, vein, or heart
Generally result of congenital defect or degenerative disease”
Ascites
Abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid
Atherosclerosis
Most common form of arteriosclerosis, deposits in the walls of arteries
Brudzinski sign
Flexion of the hips when the neck is flexed from a supine position
Occurs in patients with meningeal inflammation
Bruit
Unexplainable audible swishing sound or murmur over an artery or vascular organ
Cellulitis
Inflammation of soft tissue or CT that causes a watery exudate to spread through the tissue spaces
Claudication
Condition resulting from muscle ischemia due to decreased arterial blood flow to an area, characterized by intermittent pain and limping
Edema
Excessive accumulation of fluid in the cells, tissues, or serous cavities of the body
Fluctuant
Wavelike motion felt when palpating a nodule
Kernig’s sign
Sign of meningeal irritation evidenced by reflex contraction and pain in the hamstring muscles when attempting to extend the leg after flexing the hips
Lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of the lymph nodes, typically greater than 1.5 cm
Increased size is caused by activation and proliferation of lymphocytes and phagocytic WBCs within the node or by invasion of the node by tumor
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of the lymphatics that drain an area of infection which is often associated with tender erythematous streaks extending proximally from the infected area
Lymphangioma
Congenital malformation of dilated lymphatics
Lymphedema
Swelling, particularly of subQ tissue, caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system and accumulation of interstitial fluid
Matted
Group of nodes that feel connected and appear to move as a single unit
Meningitis
Inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain, usually but not always caused by an infectious illness
Nuchal rigidity
Resistance to flexion of the neck, seen in individuals with meningitis
Pitting
Form of edema which appears and an indentation or depression that will not rapidly return to its original appearance
Shotty nodes
Small, nontender nodes that feel like a BB or bucket shot under the skin
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of the wall of a vein associated with thrombus formation
Thrombosis
Formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel or within one of the cavities of the heart
Varicose vein
Enlarged, dilated, superficial vein
Can occur in almost any part of the body, but most common in lower extremeties
Homans sign
Pain on passive dorsiflexion of the foot which may be indicative of thrombosis in the lower extremity
Hum
Nonpathologic venous phenomenon commonly found in children
HTN
Exceeds 140/90
Hypotension
Falls below 90 (systolic)
Orthopnea
Discomfort with breathing brought on by laying flat
Peripheral artery disease
Stenosis of blood supply to extremities by atherosclerotic plaques
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
Preeclampsia
HTN in pregnancy that occurs after the 20th week, in the presence of proteinuria
Raynaud phenomenon
Vascular disorder resulting in exaggerated spasms of the arterioles in response to cold
Regurgitation
Backflow of blood due to incompetent valves
Syncope
Loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished cerebral blood flow
Temporal arteritis
Inflammatory disease of the aortic arch
Thrombus
Clot in the cardiovascular system; may be occlusive or attached without obstructing (mural thrombus)
Venous thrombosis
Clot that forms in a vein
