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Clin Med Exam 5 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

AVPU

A

Alert (eyes are open)
Verbal stimuli
Painful stimuli
Unresponsive

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2
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A

Eye opening
Motor response
Verbal response

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3
Q

Praxis

A

Knowing how to use objects (cell phone, hairbrush, etc.)

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4
Q

Assess CN I

A

Patient closes eyes and occludes one nostril and smells one scent
Patient then smells out of other nostril another scent

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5
Q

Assess CN II

A

Have patient read Snellen or Rosenbaum chart

Confrontation testing

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6
Q

Assess CN III, IV, and VI

A

For III only – pupillary response

For all of them – their eyes following your finger

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7
Q

PERLA

A

Pupils Equally round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation

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8
Q

Assessing CN V

A

Sensory – touch the patient’s face at the three spots where the CN V branches leave the skull
Motor – have the patient raise and lower their jaw, and move it from side to side

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9
Q

Assessing CN VII

A

Have the patient move the muscles of their face (tightly close eyes, purse lips, etc.)

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10
Q

If there’s damage to the CN VII at the origin of the nerve and you ask them to wrinkle their forehead, what will happen?

A

It will be symmetric on both sides, but weakened

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11
Q

If there’s damage to the CN VII at the periphery and you ask them to wrinkle their forehead, what will happen?

A

The side of the damage will not wrinkle

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12
Q

Assessing CN VIII

A

Whisper test, Weber test, Rinne test (auditory)

Dix-Hallpike maneuver (vestibular)

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13
Q

Assessing CN IX and X

A

Test by having patient say, “ahh”

Gag reflex

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14
Q

Assessing CN XI

A

Resisted head turning and shrugging shoulders

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15
Q

Assessing CN XII

A

Have them protrude tongue (deviates to side of lesion)

Have them push their tongue against resistance

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16
Q

Motor examination

A

Tone and bulk of muscle
ROM
Gait
Strength of muscles

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17
Q

Paresis

A

Weakness

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18
Q

Plegia

A

Semi-paralysis

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19
Q

Paralysis

A

Can’t move it

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20
Q

Hypertonia

A

Spasticity, ridigity, and paratonia

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21
Q

Reflexes and spinal cord levels

A 
Biceps (C5-6)
Triceps (C6-7)
Brachioradialis (C5-6)
Patellar (L3-4)
Achilles (S1)
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22
Q

Reflex grading

A 
0 = absent
1 = reduced
2 = normal
3 = increased
4 = clonus (can't stop reflex)
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23
Q

Plantar response

A

Stroke sole of patient’s foot

Normal is for all toes to flex (after age of 2)

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24
Q

Cerebellar testing

A

Rapidly alternating movements
Point-to-point movements
Assessment of balance/gait

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25
Parkinson's disease gait assessment
Forward or backward propulsion when asking them to walk
26
Pronator drift
Have the patient hold their arms out and close their eyes | If they've suffered from a stroke, over time their arm will pronate and drift across their body
27
Affect
Person's external expression of his/her emotional state
28
Afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil)
Continued pupillary dilation instead of constriction in the eye with a pre-chiasmic optic pathway lesion in response to shining a light in the damaged eye after first shining in the normal eye
29
Agraphia
Loss of ability to express oneself in writing due to central lesion or macular incoordination
30
Akathisia
Inability to sit down because the thought of doing so causes severe anxiety Patient is constantly moving and complains of muscular quivering
31
Akinesia
Complete or partial loss of muscle movement
32
Antalgic
Behavior used to limit pain
33
Aphasia
Inability to express oneself through speech or loss of verbal comprehension
34
Ataxia
Impaired ability to coordinate muscular movement | Staggering gait and postural imbalance
35
Athetosis
Slow, twisting, writhing movements | Larger amplitude than chorea
36
Bells palsy
Acute paralysis or weakness of one side of the face that is temporary
37
Cerebral palsy
General name for a large group of persisting, nonprogressive motor disorders appearing in young children and resulting from brain damage
38
Chorea
Dance-like, involuntary, rapid movements | Can be associated with Huntington's disease, rheumatic fever, SLE
39
Clonus
Rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles
40
Dementia
Irrecoverable deteriorative mental state | Loss of memory, other intellectual functions, that interfere with daily living
41
Diplopia
Double vision caused by defective function of extraocular muscles
42
Dysarthria
Defective articulation secondary to motor deficit involving the lips, tongue, palate, or pharynx
43
Dysdiadochokinesia
Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
44
Dysesthesia
Sensations, such as pins and needles or crawling
45
Dyskinesia
Defect in voluntary motion | Extrapyramidal disorders
46
Dysphasia
Impairment of speech resulting from brain lesions
47
Dysphonia
Difficulty in speaking/hoarseness | Weakness of laryngeal muscles
48
Dystonia
Impaired or disordered tonicity | Involuntary muscle spasms
49
Encephalitis
Acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
50
Fasciculations
Localized, uncoordinated twitching of a single muscle group innervated by a single motor nerve filament
51
Fluent (Wernicke's) apahsia
Fluent, effortless speech Words may be malformed and incomprehensible Can hear words but can't relate them to previous experiences
52
Graphesthesia
Ability to recognize shapes, symbols, numbers, letters, etc. traced in the skin
53
Hemianopia
Blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes
54
Hemiballismus
Jerking and twitching movements of one side of the body
55
Multiple sclerosis
Progressive autoimmune disorder which causes degeneration of the myelin sheath of the brain's white matter
56
Myelitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord or bone marrow
57
Myelomeningocele
Congenital defect of the spine that allows spinal contents to protrude
58
Myelopathy
Any pathological condition of the spinal cord
59
Myoclonus
Twitching or clonic spasm of a muscle or group of muscles
60
Myopathy
Any disease or abnormal condition of striated muscle
61
Non-fluent (Broca's) aphasia
Cannot express oneself using language; few words with laborious effort Primarily uses nouns and verbs Word comprehension is usually adequate
62
Nuchal rigidity
Stiff neck
63
Paralysis
Temporary suspension or permanent loss of function
64
Paresis
Partial or incomplete paralysis
65
Paresthesia
Unusual sensation such as numbness, tingling, or burning
66
Peripheral neuropathy
Condition commonly seen in diabetes | Decrease in motor and sensory function
67
Stereognosis
Ability to recognize form of solid objects by touch
68
Stroke
Sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain
69
Tremor
Involuntary movement of part or parts of the body resulting from alternating contractions of opposite muscles

Clin Med Exam 5 (6 decks)

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