Vascular Flashcards
1
Q
Investigations for Acute limb ischaemia/claudication
A
- ABPI
- Duplex US
- CT angiography
- MR angiography
2
Q
Differentials for claudication
A
Chronic pain
- intermittent claudication
- musculoskeletal (osteoarthritis)
- spinal claudication/stenosis
- diabetic neuropathy
Acute
- acute limb ischaemia (occlusion - thrombus rupture of plaque, embolus (AF), trauma)
- DVT
- compartment syndrome
3
Q
Venous vs arterial ulcer
A
Venous
- medial malleolus
- not painful
- oedema, haemosiderin deposits, lots of exudate
- sloped
Arterial
- lateral malleolues, feet, toes
- painful
- no oedema , not much exudate
- punched out
4
Q
Dysphagia differential
- neuromuscular
- obstructive
A
Neuromuscular
- achlasia
- oesophageal spasm
- scleroderma
- stroke
- parkinsons, huntingtons, Myasthesia gravis, multiple sclerosis
Obstructive
- tumour
- stricture
- foreign body
- lymphadenopathy, infeciton
- zenkers diverticulum
5
Q
Causes of Neck swelling
Midline
Lateral
A
Midline - goiter
- thyroglossal cyst (are attatched to tongue so move when poke it out)
- lymph nodes
- parathryoid gland
Lateral
- lymph nodes
- salivary gland
- sebaceous cyst
- lipoma
- branchial cyst
6
Q
Investigations for neck lump
A
Imaging
-US
=MRI CT ( metastistis)
biopsy
-Fine needle aspiration
Thyroid function tests
Radioisotope scans
7
Q
Swellings of salivary glands
A
-Parotid and submandibular glands
-Infective (mumps, parotitsi)
-Obstructive (calculi)
bening tumours
malignnat tumors
8
Q
Differentials for goiter
A
- multinodular goiter
- graves disease
- solitary nodule (adenoma/carcinoma)
- Hashimotos thyroiditis
- Subactue thryoditisi
9
Q
Causes of hypothryoidism
A
- Autoimmune
- Acquired(iodine deficiecney, subacute thryoditis, iatrogenic- surg, radiation, lithium, amiodarone )
- Secondary - panhypopiturtarism
