Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4th year OSCE > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q
  • *Causes of elevated JVP
  • lungs
  • heart
A
  • PE
  • constrictive pericarditis, RHF
  • Volume overload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central vs peripheral cyanosis causes

A

Central

  • hypoxic lung disease
  • R-L shunt (CHD)

Peripheral

  • Ryanards
  • PVD
  • Heart failure
  • Shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

**6 Causes of AF

A
  • Ischemic heart disease
  • Rhematic heart disease
  • Thryotoxicosis
  • Pneumonia
  • PE
  • Alcohol
  • Heart failure
  • cardiomyopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Features of JVP vs carotid pulse

A
  • double pulsation
  • non-palbale
  • obliteraiton when pressure applied at base of neck
  • Height changes with resp
  • height changes w angle of patient
  • rises w hepatojugular reflux
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of pulsus paradoxus

think of things that cause restrict the heart pumping

A
  • When get decrease of more than 10mmHg on inspiration between systolic BP
  • tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, severe asthma, COPD.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes a non-palpable apex beat

A

Displaced

  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Heart failure - LHF

To thick
-adipose tissue
-air - pnenumothroax
Fluid - pleural or pericardial effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3rd and 4th heart sounds

-both in diastole

A

3rd -Volume overload - CCF, MR, AR, MI
-heard mid diastole and is caused by rapid ventricular filling
-can be normal in <30 year olds
(turbulent blood filling the ventricles)

4th - (sound when atria contracts) Poorly compliant ventricle
-Pressure overload - AS, HTN, HOCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heave - left ventricular hypertrophy causes

A

-AS, HTN, HOCM, coarctation of aorta

same things as 4th heart sounds - pressure overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CXR features of Left sided heart failure

A
  • Alveolar oedema
  • kurly B lines
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • upper lobe venous diversion
  • Pleural Effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of pericarditis

A

Infection - viral, bacterial, fungal

Malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of cardiac failure

A
  1. Pump failure (IHD, cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, arrythmia, drugs)
  2. Excessive preload (valvular disease MR, AR), fluid overload, ventricular spetal defect
  3. Excessive afterload - AS, HTN
  4. High output failure (anaemia, pregnancy, hyperthrydoism)
  5. Isolated RHF - cor pulmonale, primary pulmonary HTN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aortic Stenosis

-causes, presentation, signs (LVH)

A

Causes
-Bicuspid valve, calcified valve, rheumatic heart disease

Presentation - SOB, syncope/presyncope , angina

Signs

  • 4th heart sound
  • heaving apex
  • slow rising pulse
  • narrow pulse pressure
  • ejection click
  • quiet 2nd heart sound

ECG - LVH, LV strain pattern

treat - HTN, valve replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

Cause - Rheumatic heart disease, IE, mitral valve prolapse, marfans, SLE
-secondary - LV dilation

Presentation - SOB, fatigue, other LVF - ortopnoea, paroxymal nocturnal dyspnoea

Signs

  • 3rd heart sound
  • displaced apex
  • quiet first heart sound
  • AF
  • click in valve prolapse

ECG - AF, ventricular ectopic beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mitral stenosis

-think logically - pushes pressure back to lungs

A

-middiastolic murmur

  • Rheumatic fever
  • SOB, fatigue, pulmonary oedema, RHF

ECG-AF common , p mitrale

treatment - AF + anticoagulation

  • diretics
  • baloon vavuloplasty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aortic regurg

A
  • early diastolic murmur
  • Rhematic heart disease, IE, HTN, aortic dissection,

SOB, fatigue, palpitations

Cardiomegaly, cardiac failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stigmata of infective endocarditis

A
  • splint haemorrhages
  • oslers and janeway lesions
  • changing heart murmurs

-finger clubbing, mild splenomegaly, microscopic haematuria

17
Q

Complications of prosthetic valve

A
  • valve failure
  • valve leak
  • thrombosis and obstruction
  • infective endocarditis
18
Q

Aortic sclerosis

A
  • is like a aortic stenosis but is asymptomatic

- normal pulse pressure, no slow rising pulse

19
Q

Indications for a bio-prosthetic valve?

A
  • Elderly (wear out in 10-15 years)
  • Contraindication to warfarin
  • patient choice
20
Q

Chest pain differentials

A 
MI / angina
Pericarditis
Pleurisy 
Aortic dissection 
Musculoskeletal pain 
oesophageal reflux 
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumonia
21
Q

Differentials of dyspnoea

A

Heart - acute pulmonary oedema, pulmonary embolism, MI, arrhythmia

Resp - PE, pneumothorax, severe asthma, severe COPD, severe pneumonia

Other - sepsis, anaemia, toxins, anxiety

22
Q

Ankle oedema differentials

A
  • Heart failure
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Drugs
  • lymphedema
  • Venous disease of legs
23
Q

Palpitations differentials

A
  • ectopic beats
  • AF, A flut
  • SVT
  • VT
24
Q

Right vs left ventricular failure

A

Right - 3rd heart sound, JVP, tricuspid regurg, peripheral oedeam, ascities

Left - 3rd heart sound, apex beat displaced, bilateral basal inspiratory crackles, dyspnoea, orthopnoea, pleural effusion

25
Q

Collapsing pulse
(when lift arm up and pulse bounds then reduces)

Slow rising pulse

A
  • Aortic regurgitation

- AS - slow rising

26
Q

Radial radial delay

Radial femoral delay

A

-aortic coarctation, embolism, dissection

27
Q

Wide and narrow Pulse pressure

A

WIDE - aortic regurg

narrow - aortic stenosis

4th year OSCE (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions