Diabetic leg

Question 1

Diabetic foot exam

Answer 1

End of bed
Insepction (vascular)
Palpation - temp, pulses
Sensation - foot first 
Vibration 
(proprioception, reflex) 
GAIT 

to complete exam - history, full neurological exam , peripheral vascular exam

Inv - glucose test, fundoscopy, renal function tests

Question 2

How to describe an ulcer

Answer 2

Location
Diameter/boarder (punched out, irregular)
Base (necrotic, erythematous, granulous
Surrounding skin - thicker (D), eczema (V), cool, pale (A)

Question 3

Complications of diabetes

Answer 3

-Nephropathy –> nephrotic syndrome
-diabetic retinopathy (cotton wool spots and flare haemorhages on fundoscopy) –> blindness
Nerves
-poor blood supply and nerve damage can lead to ulcers

-artheroscelorsis - heart conditions

Question 4

Diabetes Investigations/ management

Answer 4

• fasting glucose
• HBa1c
• need to keep close eye on blood glucose
• also need to monitor kidney and renal function, and make sure no nephropathy - neuro exam ub

Question 5

Risk factors of diabetes

Answer 5

• Obese
• Low exercise
• HTN
• genetic