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Brain Power: Anatomy > Vascular > Flashcards

Vascular Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of cardiac output goes to the brain?

What percentage of O2 utilization goes to the brain?

A

15%

20%

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2
Q

What is the blood flow to the brain?

A

50ml/100g/min
800ml/min

Gray 70-80
White 30

THRESHOLD FOR DAMAGE: <15ml/100g/min

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3
Q

What are the segments of the internal carotid artery?

A 
Cervical
Petrosal
Laceral
Cavernous
Clinoid
Ophthalmic
Communicating
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4
Q
  1. What is the first intracranial branch of the ICA?

2. What branch of the ICA comes after the ICA emerges from the cavernous sinus

A
  1. Ophthlamic that supplies the optic nerve and gives rise to the central artery of the retina
  2. Anterior choroidal artery
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5
Q

Enumerate the branches of the ACA?

A
  1. Recurrent artery of Heubner
  2. Orbitofrontal artery
  3. Frontopolar artery
  4. Pericallosal artery: branches are callosomarginal and the paracentral arteries– until it terminates as the precuneal branch
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6
Q

How does the pericallosal artery terminate?

A

As the precuneal branch

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7
Q

What are segments of the MCA?

What are the branches of MCA?

A

M1: Sphenoid/ horizontal segment
M2: Sylvian/ insular segment
M3: Opercular segment
M4: Cortical segment

Anterior: OPRA Orbitofrontal, Prerolandic, Rolandic, Anterior temporal

Posterior: TAPAP Temporopolar, anterior temporal, Posterior temporal, angular, posterior parietal

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8
Q

Posterior cerebral artery branches–

Lateral
Medial

A

Lateral: Calcarine branch, Parietooccipital branch

Medial: Anterior temporal branch, Posterior temporal branch

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9
Q

Bilateral occlusion of the PCA will result in:

A
  1. Prosopagnosia (loss of facial recognition)
  2. Achromatopsia (loss of color vision)

Macula also has supply from MCA

NB: Inferomedial temporo occipital region results in both deficits

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10
Q

What can be compressed during uncal herniation?

A

PCA resulting in cortical blindness

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11
Q

What percentage of people will have a complete Circle of Willis?

A

20%

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12
Q

What characteristic of cerebral vessels will dfx them from normal vessels?

A
  1. Thinner walls
  2. Absent external elastic lamina
  3. Presence of astrocytic processes
  4. Presence of a perivascular reticular sheath consisting of arachnoid trabeculae
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13
Q

What are the two major sites of ECA ICA anastomoses?

A
  1. ECA with ophthamic a
  2. Rete mirabile: vessels that connect meningeal and ethmoidal branches of external carotid arteries with leptomeningeal arteries
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14
Q

Where do the ff drain?

  1. Superior anastomotic vein of Trolard/superior cerebral group
  2. Inferior anastomotic vein of labbe/inferior cerebral group
  3. Sylvian vein
A
  1. Superior sagittal sinus
  2. Transvers sinus/ cavernous sinus
  3. Cavernous sinus– the SV connects with Trolard and Labbe as well!
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15
Q

What are the two veins that form the internal cerebral vein?

What are the two veins that form the vein of Galen?

What are the two veins that form the straight sinus?

A 
What are the two veins that form the internal cerebral vein?
Terminal vein (Thalamostriate v.) + Septal v.

What are the two veins that form the vein of Galen?
Basal vein of rosenthal and internal cerebral vein

What are the two veins that form the straight sinus? Vein of Galen and inferior sagittal sinus

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16
Q

What will the ff do to cerebral blood flow?

  1. CO2 high
  2. pH low
A
  1. CO2 high: Vasodilation

2. pH low: Increase blood flow

17
Q

What is the effect of the ff neuropeptides on cerebral vessels?

  1. Neruopeptide Y
  2. CGFP, VIP, Substance P, Calcitonin gene related peptide
A
  1. Vasodilate: Neruopeptide Y

2. Vasoconstrict: CGFP, VIP, Substance P, Calcitonin gene related peptide

18
Q

What side of the brain is damaged with topographagnosia? (inability to interpret maps)

A

Right non-dominant

19
Q

What area is likely involved with sphincter control disorders in bilateral ACA infarcts?

A

Paracetnral lobule

20
Q

Why does transient monocular blindness occur with an ICA infarct?

A

Amaurosis fugax occurs because of involvement of the opthalmic artery

21
Q

Why can there be hemianopia with anterior choroidal syndrome?

A

Invovlement of the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule or the lateral geniculate body

22
Q
  1. Balint and Anton’s syndrome both result with occlusion of?
  2. Pure alexia without agrapha occurs with damage and sparing of what structures?
A
  1. Both PCAs.
  2. LEFT medial occipitotemporal area and splenium of the CC. Patient can write because left brain is working and write hand is used to write BUT patient can read because intact occipital lobe is on the right side BUT info can’t cross to the other side because of the dead splenium

angular gyrus needs to be SPARED.

Occurs with unilateral PCA stroke on the dominant side

23
Q

What are the areas involved?

  1. Ataxic hemiparesis?
  2. Dysarthria clumsy hand syndrome?
  3. Etat lacunaire syndrome?
A
  1. Ataxic hemiparesis? Basis pontis, IC posterior limb, red nucleus plus cerebral peduncle
  2. Dysarthria clumsy hand syndrome? Basis pontis
  3. Etat lacunaire syndrome? many lacunes in the frontal lobe

Brain Power: Anatomy (10 decks)

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