Cerebellum Flashcards
What are the cerebellar nuclei that are in the cerebellum? Arranged lateral to medial.
Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial
Globose and emboliform are together the interposed nucleus
DEGF: Don’t Eat Greasy Food
Identify which function subdivision of the cerebellum:
- Flocculonodular lobe, plays a role in control of body equilibirium and eye movement–archicerebellum
- Anterior lobe, muscle tone, axial and limb movements–paleocerebellum
- Posterior lobe for planning and initiation of movement– neocerebellum
- Vetibulocerebellum, Flocculonodular lobe, plays a role in control of body equilibirium and eye movement
- Spinocerebellum, Anterior lobe, muscle tone, axial and limb movements
- Cerebrocerebellum or pontocerebellum, posterior lobe for planning and initiation of movement
What are the layers of the cerebellum?
Outer molecular: Basket and stellate cells
Middle purkinje: Purkinje cells
Innermost granule cell: Granule and golgi cells
What is the only cell of the cerebellum that sends axons outside the cerebellum?
Purkinje
How do the following cells relate to the Purkinje cells?
- Stellate
- Basket
- Granule
- Climbing fibers
How do the following cells relate to the Purkinje cells?
- Stellate: Establish contact with the Purkinje cell dendrites only
- Basket: establish contact with the dendrites, perikarya, and axons of PC
- Granule: Parallel fibers intersect PC dendrites
- 1 climbing fiber: 1 PC!!!
What contributes to the cerebellar glomerulus?
- Golgi cell
- Granule cell
- Mossy fiber
What is the only excitatory neuron in the cerebellum?
Granule cell
What cell gives rise to parallel fibers in the molecular layer?
Granule cell
Noreadrenergic inputs of what group of neurons provides inhibitory inputs to the Purkinje cell layer?
Locus ceruleus
Which cerebellar peduncle do the following tracts pass through?
- Vestibulocerebellar tract
- Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- Pontocerebellary tract
- Sertonergic fibers from the raphe nuclei
- Tectocerebellar tract from the colliculi
- Ventral spinocerebellary tract
- Vestibulocerebellar tract: I
- Dorsal spinocerebellar tract: I
- Pontocerebellary tract: M
- Sertonergic fibers from the raphe nuclei: M
- Tectocerebellar tract from the colliculi: S
- Ventral spinocerebellary tract: S
- Olivocerenellar tract: I
Where do climibing fibers come from?
(Inferior) olives– remember that lesions on these olives can result in neurologic deficit that is similar to cerebellar damage
Olivocerebellar tract
Whereas climibing fibers are intimately related to purkinje cells mossy fibers are to?
Occupy the center of the glomerulus where they synapse with golgi and granule cells
How does the cerellum exert its most important influence on the motor and premotor cortices?
Connections with the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus
What peduncle do they do these deep cerebelli nuclei exit from?
Where do they go?
- Dentate
- Interposed
- Fastigial
- Dentate: SCP Ventrolateral thalamus
- Interposed: SCP Red nucleus
- Fastigial: Uncinate fasciculus, juxtaresitorm body (ICP) Vestibular nuclei and reticular nuclei in the brainstem
What is the inhibitory NT of stellate cells?
Taurine
Where do serotonin and dopamine and NE projections to the cerebellum mainly come from?
5HT Raphe nuclei
Dopamine Midbrain
NE Locus ceruleus
T or F output of all deep cerebellar nuclei are excitatory?
T
What is the Holmes triad of cerebellar sxs?
Asthenia
Ataxia
Atonia
What parts of the cerebellum are responsible for saccadic eye movements?
Vertical eye movements?
S: Posterior lobe vermis and caudal nucleus fastigii
V: Interpositus nuclei
Which cerebellar artery supplies the least amount? Also supplies the MCP (brachium pontis)?
AICA
The archicerebellum/ flocculonodular lobe is most related to what extracerebellar systems?
Vestibular sytem and ocular motor system
In cerebellar disease the nystagmus goes towards what component?
Fast
What is the most common vascular syndrome of the cerebellum?
SCA syndrome
Differentiate Chiari Malformation Types 1 2 3 4
1: Cerebellar inferior pole herniation
2. Herniation of even the medulla usually associated with spinal myelomeningocoele
3. Has features of type 1 and 2 as well as herniation of the entire cerebellum into a high cervical meningocoele
4 Cerebellar aplasia or hypoplasia
0: No actual herniation but there is a full posterior fossa
1. 5: There is herniation of both the brainstem and the cerebllum but NO myelomeningocoele
What is the triad of Dandy Walker?
Complete or partial agenesis of the vermis
Cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle
Enlarged posterior fossa with upward displacement of the tentorium, torcula and transverse sinus
