Vascular Flashcards
Clinical classification of GPA
Nasal involvement
cartilaginous involvement (hearing loss, hoarseness, endobronchial, saddle nose)
+C ANCA or PR3
pulm nodules, mass or cavitation
granulomas or giant cells on biopsy
pauci-immune glomerulonephritis
Maintenance therapy for GPA
RTX or MTX or AZA
Treatment of severe GPA/MPA
RTX (preferred over CYC)
and reduced dose GC
Indications for plasma exchange in DAH
Anti GBM + ANCA
salvage therapy
Trying to prevent dialysis
Treatment for non-severe GPA
GC + MTX
When to avoid rivaroxaban
Hepatic impairment
CrCl<30
CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors
When to avoid dabigatran
CrCl <30
Better for liver
When to avoid apixaban
severe hepatic impairment
Better for kidneys because ok until CrCl <15
When to avoid Edoxaban
Hepatic impairment
use of rifampin
better for bad kidneys b/c ok until CrCl <15
Treatment of VTE in malignancy
1st line - LMWH (enoxaparin)
2nd line - oral factor Xa agents (edoxaban, apixaban, rivaroxaban)
YEARS criteria for work up of PE in pregnancy
3 criteria: 1. signs of DVT 2. hemoptysis 3. PE as most likely diagnosis
If none of criteria met and D dimer <1000 PE ruled out
If one or more of 3 criteria met and D dimer <500 PE ruled out
Most effective during 1st trimester
D-dimer should not be used alone
Treatment of PAH in pt with sickle cell disease
endothelin-1 receptor antagonists
(ambrisentan, bosentan, macitentan
Why avoid sildenafil in pt with PAH and ssd
increased pain crisis
When to use calcium channel antagonist in PAH?
If patient has vasoreactivity in reponses to inhaled NO (ie pulm vaso dilator) – reduction of PAP by >10 and reaching absolute mean PAP <40
Never use for pts with RHF
preferred agents - amlodipine, dilt, nifedipine
Endothelin receptor antagonist
Names and side effects
Anemia
Teratogenic
Bosentan– Liver injury
ambrisentan
Macitentan
DDI - cyclosporine
Bosentan - hormonal contraception, ritinovir
Phosodiesteras type 5 inhibitor
Names and side effects
Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Hypotension
visual changes, priapism
DDI- nitrates, riociguat, alpha blockers
Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator
Name, effect, side effects
Riociguat
vasodilation
SE: teratogenic
hypotension, bleeding, PVOD, hemoptysis
DDI: Nitrate, PDE-5i, cigarette smoking, Maalox
Prostacyclin analog
Name, admin route, SE
Epoprostenol – IV
Iloprost - Inhaled
Treprostinil - oral, Inhaled, IV and SC
SE: vasodilatory effects – headache, flushing, jaw pain, limb pain, n, diarrhea, dizziness
thrombocytopenia
rebound PH
Prostacyclin receptor agonist
Selexipag
Causes of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm
Infection (septic emboli, TB, syphilis pyogenic bactria and fungi (mucor and aspergillosis), most common)
Iatrogenic
trauma
Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma
sarcoma and metastatic sarcoma