Vascular Flashcards
DVT ?
Defined by thrombus or clot within the deep veins
Most medically concerning since it can cause a PE/ pulmonary embolism if the thrombus/ clot is dislodged from the vein and propagates to the pulmonary arteries
Most commonly on the LEFT side and frequently seen on venous valves or within the soleal sinus’
Can affect a single vein or extensive involving many veins
Symptoms and clinical finding are common and nonspecific
VTE / venous thromboembolism
Other complications of DVT includes ;
PTS (post thrombotic syndrome)
PTS ?
Post thrombotic syndrome which is a less severe complication of DVT ;
Chronic leg pain
Inflammation
Redness
Ulcers
Deep and superficial venous insufficiency
Varicose veins.
Recurrent DVT
Peripheral venous system?
Located in the upper and lower extremities
Consist of deep, superficial, and perforating / communicating vein located within them
RETURNS DEOXYGENATED blood from organs and tissue back to the heart
TUNICA MEDIA is poorly developed in veins, compared to the arteries
More elastic and collapse under pressure if no thrombus or intraluminal object is present
Contain venous valves, which increase in number more distal within the extremities to counteract gravity and hydrostatic pressure and maintain antegrade flow to the heart
LOWER extremity deep veins ?
Located deep within the muscles of the legs and serves as the primary route of drainage for the leg
Typically larger than superficial branches
ATVs
PTVs
Peroneal / fibular veins
Gastrocnemius / sural veins and Soleal sinus’
Popliteal veins
Femoral veins
Profunda femoris vein / deep femoral veins
CFV/ common femoral veins
External Iliac veins
Internal Iliac veins
Common Iliac veins
Anterior Tibial Vein ?
Ascend the lower leg with the anterior tibial artery
Drain blood from the dorsum of the foot and the anterior compartment of the calf
Originates near the tibia and the level of the ankle
ATVs join the PTVs to form the popliteal vein
Forms the popliteal veins ?
Anterior and posterior tibial veins (tibial - peroneal trunk)
Posterior tibial veins ?
PTVs
Drains the posterior compartment of the lower leg and originate from the plantar veins (superficial and deep) of the foot
Ascend along the medial calf beginning at the level of the medial malleolus, parallel to the PTAs
Combines with the peroneal veins to form the peroneal - tibial trunk, just before uniting with the ATVs to form the popliteal vein
Peroneal veins ?
Fibular veins
Drain blood from the lateral compartment of the lower leg
Parallel path with the PTVs and located deep to the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles along the fibula
In the proximal calf the peroneal veins join the PTVs to the form the tibial - peroneal trunk
Soleal veins and gastrocnemius / sural veins ?
Veins are located deep within the muscular compartments of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles
Ascend the leg in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles, before draining directly into the popliteal vein
Popliteal vein?
Drains blood of the lower leg and originates from the tibial peroneal trunk / PTV / ATV veins in the popliteal fossa which is medial and superior the popliteal artery
Continues to ascend until passing through the hunters canal / adductors at the knee joint and becomes the femoral vein/ arteries
Femoral vein ?
Originates from the popliteal vein in the distal thigh at the adductors/ hunters canal
Accompanied by the femoral artery
Courses deep through the median thigh and terminates in the Scarps / femoral triangle at its confluence with the deep Profunda femoris / deep femoral vein
“Superficial”
Profundis femoris vein?
AKA deep femoral vein
Drains the deep muscles of the proximal thigh
Ascends the upper leg until it joins the FV to form the common femoral vein
(Distal to the bifurcation of the common femoral artery)
Common femoral vein ?
Formed by the confluence of FV and profundis/ deep femoral vein
Receives the great saphenous vein at the level of the saphenofemoral junction
Lies in the scarpas triangle / medial to the common femoral artery
Terminates at the level of the inguinal ligament — where it becomes the external iliac vein
External Iliac Vein?
Originates at the level of the inguinal ligament as a continuation of the common femoral vein
Joins the internal iliac vein to become the common iliac vein
Common femoral vein is formed by ?
Profunda femoris vein / deep femoral vein and superficial / femoral vein
Internal iliac veins ?
Serves to drain the pelvis before it joins the external iliac vein
Common iliac veins ?
Formed by the confluence of the internal and external iliac veins.
Left branch lies medial to the left common iliac artery
(Crosses beneath the right common iliac artery)
Right branch is shorter and lies vertically as it ascends posterior than lateral
MAY - THURNER syndrome
Most common side for DVT found and why ?
LEFT side is more prevalent because of of ;
Continued compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery (May Thurner syndrome)
Stenting may be needed to ensure it’s patency and prevent DVT formation
May Thurner syndrome ?
Continued compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery which can result in venous entrapment disorder
Superficial veins ?
Located within the subcutaneous tissue
Drains blood from the tissues and transport it to the deep system
NOT paired with an artery and smaller in size
Venous insufficiency is much more common in superficial veins than deep venous system
GSV
Posterior arch vein/ Leonardo
Perforating veins
