Thyroid (Images) Flashcards
Normal parotid gland.
A. In the transverse scan plane, which is perpendicular to the earlobe, the parotid gland is ovoid in shape and hyperechoic to the adjacent muscle
B. In the longitudinal plane, the parotid gland is elliptical in shape. The mandibular vein (V) can be seen in both images,
as well as several lymph nodes (N).
Pleomorphic adenoma.
A. This hypochoic mass was noted in the parotid gland
B. Color Doppler image reveals flow around the mass, but not much within it.
Salivary gland cancer.
A. This hypochoic mass has lobulated borders
( identified as salivary gland cancer after biopsy)
B. Color Doppler reveals extensive blood flow within the mass.
Thickened thyroid isthmus.
isthmus measured 13 mm
normal thyroid gland and thyroid isthmus (2 mm)
Hyperthyroidism ==> GRAVES DISEASE
Hyperthyroidism. Transverse and longitudinal images with color Doppler revealing hyperemia.
Hypothyroidism.
Hashimotos Thyroiditis
The end-stage of hypothyroidism may actually lead to atrophy of the gland
Hashimoto thyroiditis.
A. Transverse and longitude image of the thyroid gland in a patient with hypothyroidism revealing a diffusely coarse, heterogeneous gland.
The trachea (Ir) and carotid arteries (C)
Benign thyroid nodule.
Longitudinal image of a thyroid adenoma
Malignant thyroid nodule features?
Hypoechoic mass
Taller-than-wide shape
Mass with internal microcalcifications (psammoma bodies)
Solitary mass
Marked vascularity within the central part of the nodule
Interrupted peripheral calcification
Extracapsular invasion
Lobulated margins
Enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes (metastasis)
Cold nodule ( nuclear )
Benign thyroid nodule features?
Extensive cystic components
Cysts <5 mm
Hyperechoic mass
“Eggshell” calcifications
“Hot” nodule (nuclear medicine finding)
Colloid cyst.
Transverse image of the thyroid revealing a small cyst with a small, hyperechoic focus contained within it that is producing the comet-tail artifact.
Low risk thyroid nodule
A completely anechoic nodule.
B. A nodule with both solid tissue and cystic areas (arrows).
C. A complex cyst with echogenic foci that produce comet-tail artifact
Intermediate risk thyroid nodule features
D. A large hypochoic mass.
E. An isoechoic nodule with a hypochoic halo
F. A large cystic nodule with solid mural or wall elements
High risk thyroid nodule features
G. A hypochoic nodule that contains small echogenic foci and that is invading the surrounding tissue
H. An invasive, hypochoic nodule with varying size calcifications that can produce acoustic shadows
I. A hypochoic nodule that is taller-than-wide and has irregular borders Hypochoic nodule (black arrow) with metastasis to an area lymph node
Abnormal lymph node.
This lymph node is enlarged, hypochoic, and has lost its echogenic hilum.
The heterogeneous appearance is well seen within the adenoma with well-defined, discrete borders.
The hypoechoic halo is shown surrounding the lesion
A patient with a goiter demonstrating diffusely enlarged thyroid gland.
B, Vascularity of the diffusely enlarged thyroid gland.
Transverse panoramic image of multinodular goiter shows an inhomogeneous pattern.
The right lobe is more than twice the size of the left lobe.
A, Multinodular goiter is seen as an inhomoge-neous enlarged tissue mass within the thyroid gland.
B, Increased vascularity is shown in a patient with a multinodular goiter.
Sonographic variations of adenomas.
A, A well-defined adenoma with a cystic component with a hypochoic halo is seen on the right lobe.
B, Complex cystic adenoma.
C, Large eggshell calcification within a thyroid adenoma.
D, Well-defined echogenic adenoma.
Hemorrhagic thyroid cyst
Papillary carcinoma on biopsy.
B, Increased vascularity demonstrated with power Doppler.
C, Enlarged cervical lymph nodes seen with papillary carcinoma.
