Varsity - Science Flashcards
What are the three methods of thermal energy transfer?
convection, conduction, and radiation
Identify the biome with a name meaning “treeless plain,” which is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons.
Tundra
What is the name for ions in solution that don’t react with the other ions?
Spectator (ions)
What is the theoretical limit for a population’s growth within a habitat?
Carrying Capacity
Name the pile of debris composed of rock fragments deposited by a retreating glacier.
Moraine
Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 160 grams of sodium hydroxide in two liters of water.
2 (molar or moles/liter)
What term is used to describe how each strand in a double-stranded DNA molecule runs in opposite directions?
Antiparallel
What 2 compounds are produced by the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O)
What does the area under an acceleration time graph represent about the motion of an object?
Change in velocity (must say both change and velocity)
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur on what part of the chloroplast?
Thylakoid Membrane
What unit is equivalent to kilograms meters per second squared?
Newtons
What gas makes up about 97% of Venus’ atmosphere?
Carbon Dioxide
Name the biology term for the protein filaments that, along with myosin, allow muscles to contract.
Actin
What is the unit of magnetic field strength?
Tesla
How many electrons are there in the outer energy level of a potassium atom?
1
What two substances will form from the heating of calcium carbonate?
Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide
Through what galactic process does a large galaxy merge with another galaxy?
Galactic Cannibalism
What term is used for a group of three bases on the DNA molecule?
Codon
What type of organism is found at the second trophic level of the food chain?
Herbivores
What magnesium metal is placed in hydrochloric acid, which element is reduced, and which element is oxidized?
Magnesium is Oxidized, Hydrogen is Reduced
A cyclist travels 5 miles east and then 12 miles south. What is the magnitude, in miles, of the cyclist’s displacement?
13 (Miles)
Name the cell organelles that are stacked, flattened membranes that sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles.
Golgi Bodies
The loudness of a sound wave is related to what physical measurement of the sound wave?
Amplitude (or Pressure)
On the geologic time scale, in what current epoch is the Earth?
Holocene Epoch
Name the hydrogen carrier or electron acceptor in photosynthesis that provides energized electrons to the Calvin Cycle.
NADP (accept NADPH)
What is the name of the British physicist who is most widely accredited with the discovery of the electron?
(J.J.) Thomson
Use acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared. A ball is thrown straight up at 30 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, how high does the ball go?
45 Meters
Where do most comets with a revolution of greater than 200 years originate?
The Oort Cloud
Carbon 14 is used in carbon dating to find out how long ago a living organism died. What isotope does carbon-14 decay into?
Nitrogen 14 (Must Include the 14)
What is the term for the hole in the epidermis of a leaf that is used for gas exchange?
Stomata (Also Accept Stomatic Complex or Stoma)
A boy exerts a force of 64 Newtons when he lifts a box half a meter. How much work does he do?
32 Joules
The control of breathing is centered in which area of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom of tungsten, whose atomic number is 74 and whose atomic mass is 185?
Protons = 74
Neutrons = 111
Electrons = 74
(Stating 74, 111, 74 in that order is also acceptable)
What biology term refers to the movement of individuals out of a population?
Emigration
What is the term for a quickly spinning neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation?
Pulsar
Three resistors with resistance of 20 ohms, 30 ohms, and 50 ohms are all connected in series to a 125 volt power supply. What is the current in the circuit?
1.25 Amps or Amperes
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, a ball is thrown straight up at 55 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, how many seconds total is the ball in the air before returning to the height it was thrown?
11 (seconds)
What two-word term is given to two or more compounds with the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms?
Structural Isomers
In mRNA, what does the nucleotide adenine pair with?
Uracil
What Danish physicist in 1913 introduced an atomic model with electrons in discrete orbits around a positively charged nucleus?
Niels Bohr
What is the chemical substance secreted by members of an animal species that affects other members of the same species?
Pheromone
What Era is divided into the three periods of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous?
Mesozoic
What term is given to four chromatids?
Tetrad
What type of acceleration is defined as acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path?
Centripetal (Acceleration) (Do Not Accept Centrifugal)
What theory states that repulsion between the sets of valence electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far as possible?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory or VESPR Theory (Pronounce “Vesper”)
What name is given to the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower?
Stamen
What term is given to the minimum angle of incidence that produces total internal reflection?
Critical (Angle)
Name the layer of Earth’s crust that is just below the lithosphere.
Asthenosphere
What biology term refers to the amount and variety of organisms in an area?
Biodiversity
Whose loop and junction rules govern voltage and current in electric circuits?
Kirchoff
Determine the volume in milliliters of a 0.25 molar sodium hydroxide solution needed to titrate 100 milliliters of a 0.50 molar hydrochloric acid solution.
200 (milliliters)
Give the name of the scientific discipline that studies the origin and development of the universe.
Cosmology
Barbara McClintock, the first American woman to win the Nobel prize, discovered this type of gene, commonly known as “jumping genes.”
Transposable Genes (or Transposons)
Rounded to the nearest whole number, what is the mass of 1 mole of acetic acid?
60 Grams
What physics quantity is the absolute value of the slope of a position time graph?
Speed (Not Velocity), also accept average speed or instantaneous speed
What term is used to designate the separation of an iceberg from the front of a glacier when the glacier reaches the sea?
Calving
What is the term for random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
Genetic Drift
A 20-kilogram rocket is launched at an angle of 35 degrees to the horizontal at a speed of 30 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, at what other angle will the rocket have the same horizontal range if launched at the same speed?
55 (Degrees)
Name the condition where sister chromatids fail to segregate during mitosis.
Nondisjunction
What block of elements on the periodic table includes transition metals from Group 3 to Group 12?
D (Block)
What part of the brain controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature?
Hypothalamus
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, a ball is thrown straight horizontally at 30 meters per second from a 20-meter-high platform. Neglecting air resistance, how far horizontally does it travel before striking the ground?
60 Meters
What flammable gas is produced when an acid is mixed with an active metal?
Hydrogen (Gas)
Name the Austrian physicist who worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics and was a co-discoverer of nuclear fission, an achievement for which this person’s colleague won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
(Lise) Meitner
What precipitate will result from the double-displacement reaction of sodium carbonate with calcium chloride?
Calcium Carbonate
What type of organism forms it own nutritional substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide?
Autotroph
Kepler’s first law states that a planet’s orbit is one of these shapes with the sun at one focus.
Ellipse
If an atom undergoes alpha decay, what happens to its atomic number?
It decreases by two
What is the phenotypic ratio that results from a dihybrid cross?
Nine to Three to Three to One
What two-word term is given to large membrane-bound compartments in plant cells where water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored?
Central Vacuole
What principle states that the buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid the body displaces?
Archimedes (Principle)
What is the pH of a one times ten to the negative three molar solutions of hydrochloric acid?
3
In physics, what is the term for the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another?
Refraction
Give the collective name by which the stigma, style, and ovary of a flower are known.
Carpel
What do we call a fold in sedimentary strata that resembles an arch?
Anticline
What electrical circuit element, consisting of two parallel plates separated by a small gap, has the ability to store charge?
Capacitor
What two series make up the f-block?
Lanthanide and Actinide Series
What do ecologists call the efforts by individuals of common or different species in a community to use the same limited resources?
Competition
What is the ratio of work output to work input in a machine?
Efficiency
What are the elements whose symbols written side-by-side spell N-Er-Dy (nerdy)?
The elements are Neon, Erbium, and Dysprosium
Which protein forms the main constituent of an insect’s exoskeleton?
Chitin
What is the name for the rotational analogue of force which is calculated as the cross product of the radius and force vectors?
Torque
Give the name of the decay process that turns a neutron into a proton and emits an electron.
Beta minus decay OR negative beta decay OR beta decay
What type of organism derives its nutritional requirement from other organisms?
Heterotroph
Name the three naturally occurring strongly magnetic elements.
Iron, Nickel, Cobalt
What is the current through a 12 ohm light bulb connected to a 6-volt battery?
0.5 or 1/2 amps or amperes
What small lead-like parts of a flowering plant protect the new buds and spread out as the bud matures?
Sepals
Identify the two main molecules forming cell membranes.
Phospholipids and Proteins
What is the tendency for a process to occur that leads to the highest state of disorder?
Entropy
What is the magnitude of the momentum change of a 1,400 kg car traveling at 20 m/s when it is brought to rest in 2.0 seconds?
28,000 kg m/s or Newton-seconds
How many pi bonds does a molecule of carbon monoxide contain?
2
What term is given to an area where salt water meets fresh water?
Estuary
What is the name given to the fatty, insulating covering of an axon?
Myelin Sheath
What type of tectonic plate boundary occurs where two plates slide past each other?
Transform Boundary
What syndrome leading to low fertility in males is caused by a person having two X chromosomes and a Y chromosome?
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
How much power is required to complete 200 Joules of work in 5 seconds?
40 Watts
What is the collective name for the three layers that surround the spinal cord and the brain?
Meninges
What name is given to the most posterior part of the brain that controls such involuntary activities as breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and peristalsis, and its nerve fibers connect the spinal cord to various parts of the brain?
medulla (oblongata)
What disaccharide is formed when two glucose molecules join
maltose
What is the final stable element in the Uranium decay chain?
Lead
What general term is given to the material through which sound waves vibrate?
the medium
To the nearest whole gram, what is the molecular mass of sucrose, C12H22O11 (read C-12-H-22-O-11)?
342
Identify the formal naming system in which living things are given a name composed of two parts: the genus and the species.
Binomial nomenclature
Calculate the index of refraction for a material if the incident angle is 45 degrees and the refracted angle is 30 degrees.
1.4 OR square root of 2 OR radical 2 OR 1.41
In chemistry, what name is given to the solid that separates out of a solution?
Precipitate
What is the term for the product of the angular velocity of a body and its moment of inertia?
angular momentum
(60 second) What is the molarity of 80g of sodium hydroxide in 2.5 liters of aqueous solution.
0.8 Molar, or 0.8 Molarity
What is the name given for the fluid matrix of a chloroplast?
stroma
What is considered the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population?
mutation(s)
What objects are classified using a Hertzprung-Russell diagram?
Stars
Calculate the total resistance of two resistors in parallel each with a resistance of 12 ohms.
6 (ohms)
What biological phrase describes the process by which isolated populations evolve independently?
Divergent evolution
What term refers to bonding in molecules that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure?f
Resonance
What principle relates the buoyant force to the weight of fluid displaced?
Archimedes
What is the charge of an ion of aluminum?
Three plus, positive 3, plus 3, or 3 positive
In a chloroplast, what term refers to one stack of thylakoids?
Granum
What is a dense cloud of super-hot gases and rock fragments that races downhill from an erupting volcano called?
Pyroclastic flow
In thermodynamics, what is the name for a process in which the pressure is kept constant?
Isobaric
What is the name given to the species of a plant that first enters a region after all visible forms of plants have been removed?
Pioneer (species)
Name the type of particles that have 1/3 the charge of an electron, have six “flavors”, have unique colors, and are never found alone.
Quarks
What is the name for the area where a leaf joins the stem of a plant?
node
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, how far does a ball travel in 2 seconds if it is thrown straight down at a speed of 20 meters per second?
60 meters
Name both of the elements that are liquid at room temperature.
Mercury and bromine
In a single replacement reaction between sodium metal and iron two chloride, which element is reduced?
Iron
How many electrons are in the p sublevel of fluorine?
5
The complete combustion of ethane (C 2 H 6) yields carbon dioxide and water. How many moles of water would be produced by the combustion of 2 moles of ethane?
6
What is the name of the outer membrane surrounding the heart?
Pericardium
What is the name for the genetic failure in which chromosomes are unable to separate properly?
Nondisjunction
What term refers to a planet that rotates clockwise instead of the usual counter-clockwise motion?
Retrograde (planet)
What is the first stage in the life cycle of a star?
(stellar or dark) nebula
What are the two basic types of collisions?
elastic and inelastic
What physics quantity is equal to a change in momentum?
Impulse
Give the mass number of the isotope produced by 6 beta and 2 beta decays of uranium 238.
214
What is described as the heat needed to change a unit mass of a substance at its melting temperature from a solid into a liquid?
heat of fusion OR enthalpy of fusion
Which group in the food web would most likely have the greatest biomass?
Producers or autotrophs
What tissue holds the intestines in position within the abdominal cavity?
mesentery
What is the force that pulls or stretches rock?
tension
Through what physics process is mechanical energy transferred or transformed?
Work
What is the SI unit of current?
Ampere
Name the German physiologist who studied and discovered pepsin, is credited with inventing the term metabolism, developed cell theory, and has cells from the peripheral nervous system named for him.
Theodore Schwann
The Hawaiian Islands were formed from what type of volcano?
Shield volcano
The inflammation of a key digestive system organ that secretes bile is commonly referred to as this.
hepatitis
What is the name for groups of c ells that work together to perform a common function?
Tissues
