Varsity - Science Flashcards
What are the three methods of thermal energy transfer?
convection, conduction, and radiation
Identify the biome with a name meaning “treeless plain,” which is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons.
Tundra
What is the name for ions in solution that don’t react with the other ions?
Spectator (ions)
What is the theoretical limit for a population’s growth within a habitat?
Carrying Capacity
Name the pile of debris composed of rock fragments deposited by a retreating glacier.
Moraine
Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 160 grams of sodium hydroxide in two liters of water.
2 (molar or moles/liter)
What term is used to describe how each strand in a double-stranded DNA molecule runs in opposite directions?
Antiparallel
What 2 compounds are produced by the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O)
What does the area under an acceleration time graph represent about the motion of an object?
Change in velocity (must say both change and velocity)
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur on what part of the chloroplast?
Thylakoid Membrane
What unit is equivalent to kilograms meters per second squared?
Newtons
What gas makes up about 97% of Venus’ atmosphere?
Carbon Dioxide
Name the biology term for the protein filaments that, along with myosin, allow muscles to contract.
Actin
What is the unit of magnetic field strength?
Tesla
How many electrons are there in the outer energy level of a potassium atom?
1
What two substances will form from the heating of calcium carbonate?
Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide
Through what galactic process does a large galaxy merge with another galaxy?
Galactic Cannibalism
What term is used for a group of three bases on the DNA molecule?
Codon
What type of organism is found at the second trophic level of the food chain?
Herbivores
What magnesium metal is placed in hydrochloric acid, which element is reduced, and which element is oxidized?
Magnesium is Oxidized, Hydrogen is Reduced
A cyclist travels 5 miles east and then 12 miles south. What is the magnitude, in miles, of the cyclist’s displacement?
13 (Miles)
Name the cell organelles that are stacked, flattened membranes that sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles.
Golgi Bodies
The loudness of a sound wave is related to what physical measurement of the sound wave?
Amplitude (or Pressure)
On the geologic time scale, in what current epoch is the Earth?
Holocene Epoch
Name the hydrogen carrier or electron acceptor in photosynthesis that provides energized electrons to the Calvin Cycle.
NADP (accept NADPH)
What is the name of the British physicist who is most widely accredited with the discovery of the electron?
(J.J.) Thomson
Use acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared. A ball is thrown straight up at 30 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, how high does the ball go?
45 Meters
Where do most comets with a revolution of greater than 200 years originate?
The Oort Cloud
Carbon 14 is used in carbon dating to find out how long ago a living organism died. What isotope does carbon-14 decay into?
Nitrogen 14 (Must Include the 14)
What is the term for the hole in the epidermis of a leaf that is used for gas exchange?
Stomata (Also Accept Stomatic Complex or Stoma)
A boy exerts a force of 64 Newtons when he lifts a box half a meter. How much work does he do?
32 Joules
The control of breathing is centered in which area of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom of tungsten, whose atomic number is 74 and whose atomic mass is 185?
Protons = 74
Neutrons = 111
Electrons = 74
(Stating 74, 111, 74 in that order is also acceptable)
What biology term refers to the movement of individuals out of a population?
Emigration
What is the term for a quickly spinning neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation?
Pulsar
Three resistors with resistance of 20 ohms, 30 ohms, and 50 ohms are all connected in series to a 125 volt power supply. What is the current in the circuit?
1.25 Amps or Amperes
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, a ball is thrown straight up at 55 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, how many seconds total is the ball in the air before returning to the height it was thrown?
11 (seconds)
What two-word term is given to two or more compounds with the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms?
Structural Isomers
In mRNA, what does the nucleotide adenine pair with?
Uracil
What Danish physicist in 1913 introduced an atomic model with electrons in discrete orbits around a positively charged nucleus?
Niels Bohr
What is the chemical substance secreted by members of an animal species that affects other members of the same species?
Pheromone
What Era is divided into the three periods of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous?
Mesozoic
What term is given to four chromatids?
Tetrad
What type of acceleration is defined as acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path?
Centripetal (Acceleration) (Do Not Accept Centrifugal)
What theory states that repulsion between the sets of valence electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far as possible?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory or VESPR Theory (Pronounce “Vesper”)
What name is given to the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower?
Stamen
What term is given to the minimum angle of incidence that produces total internal reflection?
Critical (Angle)
Name the layer of Earth’s crust that is just below the lithosphere.
Asthenosphere
What biology term refers to the amount and variety of organisms in an area?
Biodiversity
Whose loop and junction rules govern voltage and current in electric circuits?
Kirchoff
Determine the volume in milliliters of a 0.25 molar sodium hydroxide solution needed to titrate 100 milliliters of a 0.50 molar hydrochloric acid solution.
200 (milliliters)
Give the name of the scientific discipline that studies the origin and development of the universe.
Cosmology
Barbara McClintock, the first American woman to win the Nobel prize, discovered this type of gene, commonly known as “jumping genes.”
Transposable Genes (or Transposons)
Rounded to the nearest whole number, what is the mass of 1 mole of acetic acid?
60 Grams
What physics quantity is the absolute value of the slope of a position time graph?
Speed (Not Velocity), also accept average speed or instantaneous speed
What term is used to designate the separation of an iceberg from the front of a glacier when the glacier reaches the sea?
Calving
What is the term for random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
Genetic Drift
A 20-kilogram rocket is launched at an angle of 35 degrees to the horizontal at a speed of 30 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, at what other angle will the rocket have the same horizontal range if launched at the same speed?
55 (Degrees)
Name the condition where sister chromatids fail to segregate during mitosis.
Nondisjunction
What block of elements on the periodic table includes transition metals from Group 3 to Group 12?
D (Block)
What part of the brain controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature?
Hypothalamus
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, a ball is thrown straight horizontally at 30 meters per second from a 20-meter-high platform. Neglecting air resistance, how far horizontally does it travel before striking the ground?
60 Meters
What flammable gas is produced when an acid is mixed with an active metal?
Hydrogen (Gas)
Name the Austrian physicist who worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics and was a co-discoverer of nuclear fission, an achievement for which this person’s colleague won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
(Lise) Meitner
What precipitate will result from the double-displacement reaction of sodium carbonate with calcium chloride?
Calcium Carbonate
What type of organism forms it own nutritional substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide?
Autotroph
Kepler’s first law states that a planet’s orbit is one of these shapes with the sun at one focus.
Ellipse
If an atom undergoes alpha decay, what happens to its atomic number?
It decreases by two
What is the phenotypic ratio that results from a dihybrid cross?
Nine to Three to Three to One
What two-word term is given to large membrane-bound compartments in plant cells where water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored?
Central Vacuole
What principle states that the buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid the body displaces?
Archimedes (Principle)
What is the pH of a one times ten to the negative three molar solutions of hydrochloric acid?
3
In physics, what is the term for the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another?
Refraction
Give the collective name by which the stigma, style, and ovary of a flower are known.
Carpel
What do we call a fold in sedimentary strata that resembles an arch?
Anticline
What electrical circuit element, consisting of two parallel plates separated by a small gap, has the ability to store charge?
Capacitor
What two series make up the f-block?
Lanthanide and Actinide Series
What do ecologists call the efforts by individuals of common or different species in a community to use the same limited resources?
Competition
What is the ratio of work output to work input in a machine?
Efficiency
What are the elements whose symbols written side-by-side spell N-Er-Dy (nerdy)?
The elements are Neon, Erbium, and Dysprosium
Which protein forms the main constituent of an insect’s exoskeleton?
Chitin
What is the name for the rotational analogue of force which is calculated as the cross product of the radius and force vectors?
Torque
Give the name of the decay process that turns a neutron into a proton and emits an electron.
Beta minus decay OR negative beta decay OR beta decay
What type of organism derives its nutritional requirement from other organisms?
Heterotroph
Name the three naturally occurring strongly magnetic elements.
Iron, Nickel, Cobalt
What is the current through a 12 ohm light bulb connected to a 6-volt battery?
0.5 or 1/2 amps or amperes
What small lead-like parts of a flowering plant protect the new buds and spread out as the bud matures?
Sepals
Identify the two main molecules forming cell membranes.
Phospholipids and Proteins
What is the tendency for a process to occur that leads to the highest state of disorder?
Entropy
What is the magnitude of the momentum change of a 1,400 kg car traveling at 20 m/s when it is brought to rest in 2.0 seconds?
28,000 kg m/s or Newton-seconds
How many pi bonds does a molecule of carbon monoxide contain?
2
What term is given to an area where salt water meets fresh water?
Estuary
What is the name given to the fatty, insulating covering of an axon?
Myelin Sheath
What type of tectonic plate boundary occurs where two plates slide past each other?
Transform Boundary
What syndrome leading to low fertility in males is caused by a person having two X chromosomes and a Y chromosome?
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
How much power is required to complete 200 Joules of work in 5 seconds?
40 Watts
What is the collective name for the three layers that surround the spinal cord and the brain?
Meninges
What name is given to the most posterior part of the brain that controls such involuntary activities as breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and peristalsis, and its nerve fibers connect the spinal cord to various parts of the brain?
medulla (oblongata)
What disaccharide is formed when two glucose molecules join
maltose
What is the final stable element in the Uranium decay chain?
Lead
What general term is given to the material through which sound waves vibrate?
the medium
To the nearest whole gram, what is the molecular mass of sucrose, C12H22O11 (read C-12-H-22-O-11)?
342
Identify the formal naming system in which living things are given a name composed of two parts: the genus and the species.
Binomial nomenclature
Calculate the index of refraction for a material if the incident angle is 45 degrees and the refracted angle is 30 degrees.
1.4 OR square root of 2 OR radical 2 OR 1.41
In chemistry, what name is given to the solid that separates out of a solution?
Precipitate
What is the term for the product of the angular velocity of a body and its moment of inertia?
angular momentum
(60 second) What is the molarity of 80g of sodium hydroxide in 2.5 liters of aqueous solution.
0.8 Molar, or 0.8 Molarity
What is the name given for the fluid matrix of a chloroplast?
stroma
What is considered the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population?
mutation(s)
What objects are classified using a Hertzprung-Russell diagram?
Stars
Calculate the total resistance of two resistors in parallel each with a resistance of 12 ohms.
6 (ohms)
What biological phrase describes the process by which isolated populations evolve independently?
Divergent evolution
What term refers to bonding in molecules that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure?f
Resonance
What principle relates the buoyant force to the weight of fluid displaced?
Archimedes
What is the charge of an ion of aluminum?
Three plus, positive 3, plus 3, or 3 positive
In a chloroplast, what term refers to one stack of thylakoids?
Granum
What is a dense cloud of super-hot gases and rock fragments that races downhill from an erupting volcano called?
Pyroclastic flow
In thermodynamics, what is the name for a process in which the pressure is kept constant?
Isobaric
What is the name given to the species of a plant that first enters a region after all visible forms of plants have been removed?
Pioneer (species)
Name the type of particles that have 1/3 the charge of an electron, have six “flavors”, have unique colors, and are never found alone.
Quarks
What is the name for the area where a leaf joins the stem of a plant?
node
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, how far does a ball travel in 2 seconds if it is thrown straight down at a speed of 20 meters per second?
60 meters
Name both of the elements that are liquid at room temperature.
Mercury and bromine
In a single replacement reaction between sodium metal and iron two chloride, which element is reduced?
Iron
How many electrons are in the p sublevel of fluorine?
5
The complete combustion of ethane (C 2 H 6) yields carbon dioxide and water. How many moles of water would be produced by the combustion of 2 moles of ethane?
6
What is the name of the outer membrane surrounding the heart?
Pericardium
What is the name for the genetic failure in which chromosomes are unable to separate properly?
Nondisjunction
What term refers to a planet that rotates clockwise instead of the usual counter-clockwise motion?
Retrograde (planet)
What is the first stage in the life cycle of a star?
(stellar or dark) nebula
What are the two basic types of collisions?
elastic and inelastic
What physics quantity is equal to a change in momentum?
Impulse
Give the mass number of the isotope produced by 6 beta and 2 beta decays of uranium 238.
214
What is described as the heat needed to change a unit mass of a substance at its melting temperature from a solid into a liquid?
heat of fusion OR enthalpy of fusion
Which group in the food web would most likely have the greatest biomass?
Producers or autotrophs
What tissue holds the intestines in position within the abdominal cavity?
mesentery
What is the force that pulls or stretches rock?
tension
Through what physics process is mechanical energy transferred or transformed?
Work
What is the SI unit of current?
Ampere
Name the German physiologist who studied and discovered pepsin, is credited with inventing the term metabolism, developed cell theory, and has cells from the peripheral nervous system named for him.
Theodore Schwann
The Hawaiian Islands were formed from what type of volcano?
Shield volcano
The inflammation of a key digestive system organ that secretes bile is commonly referred to as this.
hepatitis
What is the name for groups of c ells that work together to perform a common function?
Tissues
What name is given to the process in which ions form solids that drop out of solution?
precipitation
How many atoms of chlorine are in 5 molecules of carbon tetrachloride?
20
Two resistors with values of 5 ohms and 5 ohms are connected in parallel. This combination is connected in series with another 5 ohm resistor. What is the equivalent resistance, in ohms, of this circuit?
7.5
Why type of lipid is found in the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells?
Phospholipids
In what direction are air currents shifted, due to the Earth’s rotation?
right or clockwise
What is the frequency of a wave with the measured period of 0.25 seconds?
4 Hertz
Name the bottom region of oceans and bodies of fresh water.
Benthic zone
What term refers to the geologic principle that in an undisturbed rock sequence the oldest rocks are on the bottom?
(The Law or Principle of) Superposition
What has been reached when the two solutions used in a titration have the same normality?
equivalence point
What quantity is obtained when the speed of light in a vacuum is divided by the speed of light in a given material?
Index of refraction
Which term refers to DNA during interphase?
Chromatin
Find the molarity of three grams of methanol (C H 3 O H) in five hundred grams of water.
O.20 Molar
What are the chemical names for the products when the following solutions are mixed: silver nitrate and potassium chloride?
Potassium nitrate and silver chloride
or
silver chloride and potassium nitrate
What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical characteristics of an organism caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?
phenotype
Which physical quantity is defined as force per unit area?
pressure
What chemistry term refers to a compound without water?
Anhydrous
Name the scientist that was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect.
(Albert) Einstein
What term is given to long, thread-like organelles, used in locomotion, that protrude from the surfaces of many eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Flagella
What is the part of a longitudinal wave in which the particles are at the lowest pressure?
Rarefaction
Name the scientist credited with Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assorment
Gregor Mendel
Name the major geologic fault located in California.
San Andreas
What level comes between order and genus in the taxonomic hierarchy?
Family
What are the four main tissue types found in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous (in any order)
Name the solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it.
Buffer or buffer solution
What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone
Hyoid
During what geological period did the first land animals develop?
Devonian
What type of force holds ions together in salts such as calcium fluoride?
Electrostatic (do not accept ionic bond; bond does not equal force)
What is the ideal mechanical advantage of an inclined plane that is 2 m high with an incline distance of 14 m?
Seven
What is the middle body region of adult insects called?
Thorax
In the world of particle physics, what does LHC stand for?
Large Hadron Collider
(60 seconds) How many moles of oxygen are required to completely combust two moles of methane
4 moles
Identify the sac located between the tendon and the bone which delivers lubrication.
bursa
What is the most plentiful metal in the Earth’s crust?
Aluminum
What is the smallest amount of energy that molecules need to react?
Activation energy
What is the name of fungi that feed on dead matter?
Saprophytes
If a gas sample at constant temperature has a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres when placed in a 10.0 Liter flask, what will
the sample’s gas pressure in atomspheres become if its volume increases to 50.0 Liters?
0.3 (atmospheres)
Using 10 meters per second squared as acceleration due to gravity, what is the gravitational potential energy in Joules of a 20-kilogram block raised off the ground 5 meters?
1000 (Joules)
What type of mimicry is displayed by the viceroy butterfly as it mimics the monarch butterfly?
Mullerian (myoo-LER-ee-uhn) mimicry
Name the device that only allows current to flow in one direction.
A diode
What name is given to the part of the earth composed of oceans, lakes, rivers, and all other bodies of water and ice?
Hydrosphere
What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up Ribonucleic Acid in eukaryotic organisms?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil
What organelle, other than the nucleus, would contain DNA in an animal cell?
MItochondria
Name the principle which states that the faster the air moves, the less pressure it exerts.
Bernoulli’s (Principle)
What is the oxidation number for sulfur in sulfuric acid, H-2 SO-4?
x=+6 (must say positive 6)
What is used by scientists to cut DNA at or near specific nucleotide sequences?
Restriction enzyme
Name the long, graduated tube, closed at one end, which is used to collect gas.
Eudiometer
Give the name of the instrument used to detect earthquakes.
Seismograph (size-mo-graph)
A population is not undergoing what process if it is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Evolution
In physics, what is the name given to the perpendicular force a surface applies to an object that is in contact with the force?
Normal (force)
On a weather app, what line connects points of equal barometric pressure?
Isobar
What is the chemical formula for the compound commonly referred to as baking soda?
NaHCO3
What are the three basic tissue systems of a vascular plant body?
Dermal, vascular, and ground
How many times louder is the sound of 40 decibels compared to a sound of 10 decibels.
1,000
What is the term for maximum speed that an object falling through air can reach?
Terminal velocity or terminal speed
What symbiotic relationship is indicated by two species living closely together to the benefit of both species?
Mutualism
What are the names of two allotropic forms of oxygen?
Oxygen and ozone
Give the term for a colloid suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas.
Aerosol
What organelle is responsible for the formation of spindle fibers during cell division of animal cells?
Centrioles
What do you have to do to the length of a pendulum in order to double its period?
Quadruple it or increase it by a factor of 4
What term is given to a DNA molecule, usually found in bacteria, that can replicate independently from the main chromosome?
Plasmid
What is the name for the outer envelope of gas surrounding the sun?
Corona
What is the oxidation number of sulfur in the sulfate ion?
Positive 6
If the distance between two planets is tripled, what happens to the force of gravitational pull between the planets?
9 times less pull or 1/9th as much pull
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxygen
What is the most common oxidation number for the Halogen group on the periodic table?
Negative 1
What is the area under the curve of a velocity vs. time graph?
Displacement or Change in Position (not distance)
What types of clouds form the eye of a hurricane?
Cumulonimbus
What is a type of solution that produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis?
Isotonic or isotonic solution
Cells prepare for cell division during what phase?
Interphase
What is the physics term for how the type of material affects the resistance of a wire?
Resistivity
How many electrons can occupy any single orbital?
2
What is the process called where the solid will become a gas without passing through the liquid phase?
Sublimation
Which biological process involves synthesizing chains of amino acids to build a protein from messenger RNA?
Translation
What is the difference in the elevation of terrain called on a contour map?
Relief
What is another name for the primary consumers in a food web?
Herbivores
What is the oxidation number of the chlorine atom in the perchlorate ion?
+7 or 7+
What two factors affect the period of a pendulum?
Acceleration due to gravity and length of the cord
What term is used to describe a plant’s growth response to gravity?
Geotropism
What is the point that defines the edge of a black hole?
The event horizon
What is the more common name for potential difference?
Voltage
What two quantities about a planet’s orbit do Kepler’s Third Law relate to one another?
Period (or orbital period or time for one revolution) AND radius of orbit (or distance to the sun or semi major axis)
What is the mass percent of carbon in the compound methane?
75% (percent) Carbon
Name the term that refers to the alleles being both dominate or both recessive.
Homozygous
What is the name for the relationship between two organisms of different species in which one organism benefits, while the other is generally not helped or harmed?
Commensalism
What scale is used to express the magnitude of earthquakes?
Richter (scale)
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in the nitrate ion?
+5
Give the name for a glaciated valley now flooded by the sea.
Fjord
What do we call the apparent change of frequency fo a sound caused by the relative motion between the object emitting the sound and the listener?
Doppler effect
What two word term describes the movement of a particle through a membrane against a concentration gradient with the use of energy from ATP?
Active transport
What is the charge on an ammonium ion?
Positive 1 or +1
What are the two types of collisions?
Elastic and inelastic
What two word term is used to describe a situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over the other?
Incomplete dominance
What is the third derivative of a position time function called?
Jerk (or jolt or surge or lurch)
If the half-life of a radioactive substance is one year, in how many years will 1/16 of the original material be left?
4 (years)
What glands produce cortisol and epinephrine and are located at the top of the kidneys?
Adrenal (glands)
Identify the Swedish naturalist and botanist who classified plants and animals, and standardized terminology and nomenclature related to classification.
CARL VON LINNE (ACCEPT
CAROLUS LINNAEUS)
Identify the type of nuclear reaction that produces vast amounts of energy in a hydrogen bomb.
FUSION
Give the name of the only bird that has 2 toes on each foot.
OSTRICH
What mass of fluorine gas (atomic weight = 19.0) is contained in 112 liters at 1 atmosphere pressure and 0˚ C ?
190 GRAMS
What is the name given to organisms that can manufacture their own food?
AUTOTROPHS
What term describes the bicarbonate ion as one able to donate a proton or accept a
proton in a chemical reaction?
AMPHOTERIC (ACCEPT
AMPHIPROTIC)
Name the process which occurs when anaerobic bacteria break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas back into the
atmosphere.
Denitrification
What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1,300 kilograms traveling at a speed of 28 meters per second?
36,400 kilogram meters per second
How many different isomers are possible for a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C 4 H 10?
2
What are the two protein myofibrils that make up filaments of a muscle?
Actin and myosin
Name the property of a mineral that describes how light is reflected from its surface.
Luster
How many moles of sugar are required to make 4 Liters of a saturated solution having a concentration of 0.6 molar?
2.4
A compound has an empirical formula CH. If the molecular mass is 78, what is the molecular formula?
C6H6
Using 10 meters per second squared, a 20.0 kilogram child on roller skates, initially at rest, rolls 1.50 m down an
incline at an angle of 30.0 degrees with the horizontal. If there is no friction between incline and skates, what is the
kinetic energy of the child at the bottom of the incline?
150 Joules
What term is used in zoology to describe any appendage adapted for seizing, grasping, and holding on, especially
in reference to the tails of monkeys?
Prehensile
How many grams of sodium hydroxide are found in 400 milliliters of a 0.25M solution?
4 grams
Name the scientist who developed the three laws of planetary motion explaining the elliptical nature of planetary
revolution.
(Johannes) Kepler
What is the name of the thin layer of tissue in woody stems and roots that produces new cells which differentiate
into phloem (flow-um) and xylem (zye-um)and is responsible for the annual rings of a tree?
vascular cambium
What is the collision force required to bring a 1,000 kilogram car with an initial speed of 10 meters per second to a
complete stop in just 0.2 seconds?
50,000 Newtons
In what energy level does a ground state electron first occupy an “f” orbital?
4 (fourth)
Suppose that a DNA segment has the following nucleotide sequence: CTC ATA CGA. What nucleotide sequence
would be found in a complementary messenger RNA strand?
GAG UAU GCU
Name three of the twelve men to have walked on the moon.
Armstrong, Aldrin, Bean, Cernan, Conrad, Duke, Irwin, Mitchell, Schmitt, Shepard, Scott, Young
Calculate the displacement of a car which traveled 500 meters to the west and then traveled back 200 meters to the
east.
300 meters west (must include west in answer)
Beginning with blood in the right atrium, name, in the order the blood passes through them, the four valves in the
human heart.
Tricuspid, Pulmonary (or Pulmonic or pulmonary semilunar), Mitral (or Bicuspid), Aortic
(answers must be given in that order)
What rule states that for orbitals of equal energy, each orbital receives a lone electron before the electrons begin to
pair up?
Hund’s (Rule)
Using 10 meters per second squared as the acceleration of gravity, a ball rolls off a wall that is 0.8 meters high,
striking the floor 0.13 meters away from the base of the wall. How long does it take for the ball to reach the ground?
0.4 seconds
What is the idea that genotype frequencies in a population tend to remain the same from generation to generation
unless acted on by outside influences?
Hardy-Weinberg Principle (accept Hardy-Weinberg, or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)
What name is given to the unsuccessful 1961 attempt by American-backed Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and
overthrow the Castro regime?
The Bay of Pigs (Invasion)
What Queen of England was also a child of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain?
Catherine of Aragon, (one of King Henry VIII’s wives)
What Supreme Court litigant won his case against the state of Arizona in 1966 and thereby codified the right of
defendants to be made fully aware of their legal rights prior to questioning by police?
(Ernesto) Miranda
What term describes organs or structures that seemingly no longer have a function but exist because they have
been inherited?
vestigal
Name the theory that states that the current geologic processes of the Earth have always existed and account for all
of Earth’s geologic features.
Uniformitarianism
What is the term used to describe covalent bonds that do not involve equal sharing of electrons?
polar or polar covalent
What term best describes the concept that individuals with beneficial adaptations will tend to produce more offspring?
natural selection
Give the oxidation number for oxygen in hydrogen peroxide.
negative 1
How much applied force, in Newtons, does it take to move a 10-kilogram mass accelerating at 5 meters per second
squared, when friction exerts a 20 Newton force in the opposite direction?
70 Newtons
Name the principle that explains both the lift of an airplane and the curving of a baseball.
Bernoulli’s (Principle)
In an eclipse, what term do astronomers use to refer to the space of partial illumination between the perfect shadow
and full light?
Penumbra
The arrectores (a-rek-tor) pilorum (pie-lure-um) are small muscles attached to the hair follicles of mammals. When
these muscles contract what phenomenon occurs?
goose bumps (also accept goose flesh or goose pimples)
A steady current of 0.5 amps flows through a wire. How much charge passes through the wire in one minute?
30 coulombs
What is the name given to the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that
substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium?
triple point
What two nucleic acids are involved in translation?
mRNA and tRNA (messenger RNA and transfer RNA)
What’s the name of the diagram or table used to predict the outcome of a particular cross in an offspring experiment?
Punnett Square
Iron three oxide (Fe-2-O-3) reacts with carbon monoxide (C-O) to produce iron (Fe) and carbon dioxide (C-O-2). In
this reaction, what compound contains an element that is reduced?
iron three oxide or Fe-2-0-3
In 1957, Dr. Roger Revelle wrote that mankind is inadvertently conducting a great geochemical experiment by
releasing vast amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This was the first formal warning about what effect?
greenhouse (effect)
Give the term for the division of members of the same species into specialized work functions which the honey bee
exhibits.
polymorphism
What is the oxidation number for sulfur in the sulfate ion?
plus 6 or positive 6 or 6
Which type of sound waves have frequencies above 20,000 hertz?
Ultrasonic (sound waves)
Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate circadian rhythms in organisms, specifically under low ambient light
levels. Which gland synthesizes and secretes melatonin?
Pineal (Gland)
The volcano, Olympus Mons, is located on which planet in our Solar System?
mars
Two resistors with the values of 6.0 ohm and 12 ohm are connected in parallel. This combination is connected in
series with a 4.0 ohm resistor. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination?
8.0 ohm
Name the phylum that includes species having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages.
Arthropoda
A motorboat traveling 4 meters per second East encounters a current traveling 3.0 meters per second North. What
is the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the motorboat?
5 m/s
If an object has a density of 1/5 (one-fifth) grams per milliliter and a mass of 7 grams, what is its volume?
35 centimeters cubed or 35 milliliters
The electron transport chain in photosynthesis pumps hydrogen ions from the stroma of the chloroplast into which
region?
Thylakoid Space
How many electrons are in an oxide ion?
10
What type of coal has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest calorific content of all the
types of coal?
anthracite
Give the name of the ecological principle which states that no two organisms in the same ecosystem can occupy the
same niche.
The Competitive Exclusion (Principle) or Gause’s Law
Give the chemical formula for ammonium phosphate.
(NH4)3 PO4 (read as parentheses N-H-4 close parentheses-3 P-O-4)
A rabbit runs 4 meters from its burrow to some tasty clover. It scampers back to its burrow when it spies a hawk.
What was the rabbit’s displacement for its outing?
zero meters
During what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrate and the chromatin change into
chromosomes?
prophase
A ball is dropped from a tower that is 70.0 meters high. Using 10 meters per second squared as the acceleraton due
to gravity, how far will the ball fall in 3 seconds?
45 meters
What term best describes a large volcanic depression?
caldera
Name the three domains of life used in the modern system of taxonomic classification.
Archaea (are-key-a, Bacteria, Eukarya (you-carry-a)
What is the net ionic equation when silver nitrate reacts with potassium chloride?
Ag plus and Cl minus yields AgCl
(also accept Ag plus 1 plus Cl minus 1 gives AgCl)
(also accept silver plus 1 plus chlorine minus 1 gives silver chloride)
(Ag+ + Cl- AgCl)
The position of an object is described by the function “x of t equals 3 t squared minus 10 t plus 18” (x(t) = 3t^2 - 10t
+ 18), where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Find the velocity of the object at t = 2 seconds.
2 meters per second
Using the correct number of significant digits, what is the mass of a pure substance if its density is 2.30 grams per
cubic centimeter and it takes up a volume of 25 cubic centimeters?
58 grams (do not accept 57.5 grams or 57.50 grams)
Camels with one hump are known as dromedary, while camels with two humps are known as what?
bactrian
What recent Mars discovery was announced by NASA on September 28, 2015, around the time of the release of the
movie, “The Martian”?
Liquid water [On the surface; ask to be more specific if the student just says “water.” Do not accept
the answer if the student does not state “liquid.”]
What is the term for the maximum velocity of a falling object, obtained when the force of air resistance is equal to
the weight of the object?
Terminal (velocity)
Give the name of the comet, last seen in 1986 and expected to return in 2061.
Halley’s (Comet)
How many ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle per one glucose molecule?
2
A car’s velocity changes uniformly from 30.0 meters per second to 5 meters per second in 5 seconds. Calculate the
car’s acceleration.
-5 meters per second squared (m/s^2 or meters per second per second are also acceptable units)
What is the formula for Titanium (III) oxide?
Ti-2-O-3 (2 and 3 are subscripts)
What are the proteins called that cause reactions to proceed more rapidly and lower the activation energy?
enzymes
Which type of ecological succession occurs after new lava covers the landscape?
Primary (Succession)
Three hundred (300) milliliters of a 2.0 molar hydro-chloric acid solution is diluted to 800 milliliters. What is the
molarity of the new solution?
0.75 M or 0.75 molar or 0.75 moles/liter
The current flowing through an appliance connected to a 120 volt source is 2 Amps. How many kilowatt-hours of
electrical energy does the appliance use in 4 hours?
0.96 kilowatt-hours
Ammonia is SP3 hybridized, but is pyramidal instead of tetrahedral. What causes this structure change?
free electron pair or lone pair
In kilogram-meters per second, what is the momentum of a 10-gram housefly traveling at 5 meters per second?
0.05
Which gland is considered the master gland of the body because it sends messages that activate other glands and
is also responsible for producing growth hormone?
Pituitary (gland)
What is the oxidation number of nickel in nickel two carbonate, NiCO3 (pronounced Ni - C - O - 3)?
+2
What are the names of the two groups into which seed plants can be classified?
gymnosperms and angiosperms
What is the result of very massive stars collapsing in on themselves due to the massive gravity they create?
Black hole
Give the name of the biological class that includes the sharks, rays, and skates.
Chondrichthyes (pronounced can drik the ez)
What term is given to two or more compounds that have the same composition but a different arrangement of atoms?
Isomers or structural isomers
A car initially traveling 5 meters per second accelerates at a rate of 2 meters per second squared for a total of 15
seconds. What is the final speed of the car?
35 m/s (meters per second)
What is the name of the process in which organisms with specific traits are intentionally bred to produce offspring
with identical traits?
artificial selection
Name the planet which has an axis that is almost horizontal to the sun.
Uranus
Name the physical measurement which is represented by the slope of a velocity vs. time graph.
acceleration
Give the common name of the compound SnO2.
Tin four Oxide or Stannic oxide
[Do not accept Tin Oxide, Tin (II) Oxide, Stannous Oxide, or anything Oxygen.]
Assuming acceleration due to gravity to be 10 meters per second squared, how long would it take for an object to
hit the ground if it were dropped from a height of 45 meters?
3 seconds
Which force is caused by the net movement of water into or out of a cell?
osmotic pressure
In valence-bond theory, what is the term for the blending or mixing of atomic orbitals?
Hybridization or hybrid orbitals or orbital hybridization
This organelle in eukaryotic cells contains powerful digestive enzymes.
lysosome
Name two of the three basic types of magma found on Earth.
Basaltic, Andesitic, and Rhyolitic or (basalt, andesite, and rhyolite)
What is the primary root found in some plants that grows longer and thicker than the rest and carries nutrients to
the above-ground biomass?
Taproot
In 1926, using an eight-sided rotating mirror placed on Mount Wilson in California, and another stationary mirror on
Mount San Antonio, Albert Michelson was the first to accurately calculate what?
The speed of light
To the nearest gram, how much water would be produced if 14.0 grams of hydrogen reacted with excess oxygen?
126 grams
What is an extra chromosomal piece of DNA in eukaryotic (pronounced “you -carry - otic”) cells that often codes
for antibiotic resistance?
plasmid
What term is given to the place where fresh and salty waters meet, or where current meets the tide at the mouth of a
river?
estuary
What is the term used to measure the loudness of a sound?
Decibel(s)
What is the name of the original species involved in the process of succession in an ecosystem?
pioneer
Calculate the centripetal force acting on a 1-kilogram object moving at 4 meters per second in a circle with a 2 meter
radius.
8 Newtons
What intermolecular force of attraction exists between non-polar molecules?
Accept any of the following: London dispersion, Vander Waals, LDF (forces), induced dipole-induced dipole
What term best describes the leaf-like structures attached to embryonic shoots?
cotyledons
Name the word for the analysis of ores to determine the amount of precious metal contained.
assay
Using whole numbers for atomic masses, what is the percent composition of carbon in C three H eight? Express
your answer as a whole number.
82%
What is the term for a drug, such as an aspirin, which relieves pain by blocking the synaptic transmission of the
pain impulse?
analgesic
How many 100 watt light bulbs can be lit with one megawatt of electricity?
Ten thousand or 10,000
What are the two terms for lines on weather maps which represent patterns of pressure and temperature?
Isobars and Isotherms
What organ has caudate (pronounced “ko date”) and quadrate (pronounced “quad rate”) lobes, receives blood via
the portal vein and is the primary site of fetal red blood cell production?
liver
What is the main intermolecular force acting between water molecules?
Hydrogen bonding
Astronaut Jesse is standing on a planet that has no atmosphere and an acceleration due to gravity of 10 meters per
second squared. If he throws an object straight upwards with a velocity of 30 meters per second, how long will it
take before the object returns to his hand?
6 seconds
Name the products formed when combining a strong acid and a strong base.
Water and a salt (ionic compound)
The plasma membrane of cells is composed of a double layer of what type of molecules?
Phospholipids
Assuming the acceleration due to gravity is 10 meters per second squared, calculate the coefficient of friction for a
40 kilogram block of wood sliding across a horizontal floor at constant speed while being pulled by a force of 50
Newtons.
0.125 or 1/8
What phylum of invertebrates contains the segmented worms?
Annelida
(60 sec) At standard temperature and pressure what would be the volume of forty-eight grams of oxygen gas?
33.6 Liters
Name the constellation that is comprised of the stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair?
Summer Triangle
(30 sec) A car travelling 23 meters per second accelerates to 32 meters per second in 3 seconds. What is the acceleration of
the car?
3 meters per second, per second or 3 meters per second squared
This structure found in bacteria is a gooey layer of polysaccharides (pronounced as: “poly-sac-a-rides”) found around
the cell wall that helps the bacteria attach to surfaces and prevent it from being engulfed by white blood cells.
Capsule
(30 sec) A certain substance has a half life of 1 hour. If you start with 1,000 grams of the substance, how much of the
substance in grams will you have in 5 hours?
31.25
What kind of star has used up most of its hydrogen and has expanded?
Red Giant
What is the process by which oxygen-lacking cells and some single-celled organisms release small amounts of energy
from glucose molecules and produce wastes such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, or lactic acid?
fermentation
(30 sec) What is the centripetal force acting on a 6 kilogram object traveling at 4 meters per second around a circle of radius 3
meters?
32 Newtons
(30 sec) To the nearest whole number, what is the percentage of oxygen in water?
89%
What is the stage of mitosis when the centromeres that held the twin chromatids together break apart, moving toward
opposite ends of the spindle?
anaphase
(30 sec) In miles, what is the magnitude of the displacement of a cyclist who rides 5 miles east then 12 miles south?
13
Bailey’s beads occur at the start and end of the totality phase of what events?
(total) solar eclipses
What law states: “For a mixture of gasses in a container, the total pressure exerted is the sum of the pressures that
each gas would exert if it were alone”?
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures or Dalton’s Law
What is the name for the body system that contains skin, hair, and nails?
Integumentary (system)
(30 sec) How many decimeters are in 8.53 kilometers?
85,300
Give the term for the inactive state of arrested development that insects undergo to survive the winter.
diapause
(30 sec) What is the oxidation number of sulfur in H 2 S O 4?
plus six OR six plus
Name the 3 most common sedimentary rocks in the state of Kansas.
Limestone, shale, sandstone
What is the process in which primary consumers use oxygen to release energy from carbohydrates and create carbon
dioxide as a byproduct?
(Cellular) Respiration
(30 sec) A simple circuit consists of a battery linked to four resistors, in series, whose resistances are 3, 5, 7, and 9 ohms.
The current through the circuit is 5 amperes. What is the voltage delivered by the battery?
120 volts
What are the three methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, Convection and Radiation
(30 sec) Members of the Nitrogen Family have three “p” electrons in the highest energy level. How many full “p” orbitals
do they possess?
zero
What class of biological macromolecule is responsible for storing and communicating genetic information?
nucleic acids
Give the term for a satellite whose orbit is maintaining its position over the same spot on the earth.
geosynchronous or geostationary
(30 sec) If 32% of a sample of DNA is Guanine (pronounced Gwa-nene), how much of the sample is Thymine (pronounced
Thy-mene)?
18%
(60 sec) Find the volume in liters, at STP, of 144 grams of sulfur dioxide gas.
67
Kilauea and Mauna Loa are both examples of what type of volcano, characterized by slow, constant eruptions of
basaltic lavas.
Shield Volcano
Often written as “C1,” this small vertebrae does a great job of “holding up” our skull.
Atlas
(30 sec) What is the wavelength of a wave that has a frequency of 10 Hertz and a wave speed of 35 meters per second?
3.5 meters
What is the common name of the calcaneous bone?
The heel (bone)
(30 sec) If Bob does 405 Joules of work over a distance of 15 meters, how large a force does he exert?
27 Newtons
Which formula has the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound?
Empirical (formula)
What is the haploid number of chromosomes for Homo sapiens?
23
(60 sec) What is the centripetal acceleration of an object moving along a horizontal circular path of 16 meters radius with a
speed of 40 meters per second?
100 meters per second squared or 100 meters per second per second
What term refers to the substance remaining after water has been removed by heating a compound such as C U S O 4
dot 5 H 2 O?
anhydrous
The process of water leaving the leaves of a plant is called?
Transpiration
Name the S.I. unit used to measure the intensity of light?
Candela
Which principle states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron
or any other particle?
Heissenberg uncertainty (principle)
What seismic waves can penetrate the Earth’s core?
P (waves)
(60 sec) How many grams of oxygen gas, combining with an excess of hydrogen gas, would be required to produce 36 grams
of water?
32
What biological principle states that the genes of a pair are separated during gamete formation?
segregation
What is equal to the difference between the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants in
a chemical reaction?
Heat of reaction
Name any two of the three proteins found in plasma.
Fibrinogen, (serum) albumin, (serum) globulin
(30 sec) What is the mechanical advantage of a simple machine if it can lift a 40 Newton crate with an input force of only 10
Newtons?
4
What term refers to the natural phenomenon in which a warm, usually coastal wind, drastically raises temperatures in
interior land regions, especially in the Pacific Northwest?
Chinook (chinook wind)
What are animals with mouths that develop from or near the blastopore called?
protostomes
( 30sec) What is the final speed of a car that is initially traveling at 10 meters per second if it speeds up at a rate of 3 meters
per second squared for a period of 15 seconds?
55 meters per second
Water forms a meniscus when placed in a graduated cylinder. What name is given to the attractive force between the
water and the graduated cylinder?
adhesion
Which vascular system in plants transports water and minerals?
xylem
What is the SI prefix for ten to the negative fifteenth?
femto
What large moon of Jupiter is the outermost of the Galilean satellites?
callisto
The beta decay of unstable carbon-14 results in the formation of which element?
nitrogen
What is the term given to the wavelike, rhythmical contractions of the human digestive system which push food
through the digestive tract?
peristalsis
What name is given to weak sub-atomic particles that have no charge and can pass through ordinary matter almost
unaffected?
Neutrinos
Who was the geneticist who received a Nobel Prize at age 81 for her work completed thirty years earlier on “jumping
genes” such as in the African violet plant?
Barbara McClintock
Whose first law states that planets orbit the Sun along elliptical paths?
kepler
What specific material are the polar caps of Mars composed?
Dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide)
What is the term for the type of intermediate inheritance where both alleles in the heterozygote express themselves
fully?
codominance
What are the two basic types of friction?
kinetic and static
(30 sec) How many atoms of oxygen are there in one formula unit of Calcium Nitrate?
6
What is a thermodynamic process called in which the pressure remains constant?
isobaric
Which freshwater zone is known for its close proximity to the shore, abundant producers like aquatic plants and
algae, and high levels of photosynthesis?
littoral zone
What is the term for the observed motion of certain planets which move eastward, slow to a stop, then move
westward over several days when viewed against the background of fixed stars.
Retrograde (motion)
Name the enzyme which unwinds a DNA molecule during replication.
helicase
(60 sec) If 90 milliliters of water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, to the nearest gram, how much hydrogen is
produced?
10
(30 sec) A rocket starting from rest experiences an acceleration of 4 meters per second squared. What is its speed after 5.5
seconds?
22 m/s
What chemical compound is the product of glucose being oxidized during glycolysis?
Pyruvic acid or pyruvate
What word is used in conjunction with the words cloud, event, or flow to describe a fragment of solidified lava.
Answer: pyroclast
pyroclast
Name the waxy covering of a placental embryo that protects it from the amniotic fluid.
vernix
Which scientist published a theory of atomic structure in 1913 which described electron arrangement in atoms?
Niels Bohr
(30 sec) A couch is pushed with a force of 75 Newtons and moves a distance of 5 meters across the floor. How much work is
done in moving the couch?
375 Joules
or
375 Newton meters
(micro)villi
(30 sec) Solve the ideal gas law for the number of moles.
n=PV/RT or moles equal pressure times volume divided by gas constant times temperature
What is the SI unit of magnetic field?
Tesla
Name the vascular tissue in plants that is responsible for moving water and dissolved minerals upward from the
roots to the rest of the plant body.
xylem
(30 sec) If the pH of a solution is 6, what is the pOH?
8
(45 sec) Two charges are separated by 10 centimeters with 2 Newtons of attractive force. What is the magnitude of the force
when the charges are separated by 5 centimeters?
8 Newtons
What scientific naming system for plants and animals, devised by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, calls
organisms by their genus and species?
binomial nomenclature
What type of weather front forms a boundary between cold and warm air masses that are not advancing?
Stationary front
(30 sec) A radioisotope has a 5-year half-life. After 15 years, what fraction of the original isotope remains?
1/8 (one-eighth), Accept 12.5% or 0.125
In the endosymbiotic theory, which two organelles were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger
cells to form a symbiotic relationship?
Choroplasts and Mitochondria
(60 sec) What is the distance traveled, in meters, of a plane that starts from rest and accelerates at the rate of 10 meters per
second squared for 8 seconds?
320 meters
What is the term for the electrons involved in metallic bonding that are free to move easily from one atom to the next
throughout the metal and are not attached to a particular atom?
delocalized (or delocalized electrons)
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with
very large, complex undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle’s function is affected in this condition?
lysosome
What is the name of the astrophysicist who was influenced by Carl Sagan and hosts the latest version of Cosmos:
A Spacetime Odyssey?
(Neil deGrasse) Tyson
(30 sec) What is the momentum of a bowling ball with a mass of 6 kilograms traveling at a velocity of 1.5 meters per second?
9 kilograms meters per second or 9 Newton seconds
What term refers to a plant that grows harmlessly on another plant and absorbs nutrients and moisture from rain
and debris accumulating around it?
Epiphyte
(30 sec) What is the specific heat of a substance if 200 Joules of energy is required to change 10 grams of it through a
temperature change of 10 Kelvin?
2 Joules per gram Kelvin
What chemical principle states electrons fill orbitals of lower energy before filling orbitals of higher energy?
Aufbau Principle or Aufbau
This membrane-bound organelle is responsible for the production of lipids and detoxification, and can be found in
large quantities in the liver.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
(30 sec) How many liters of 0.5 Molar HCl solution would be required to neutralize 10 liters of 0.2 Molar NaOH solution?
4 (liters)
Beyond the Kuiper belt, at the edge of our solar system, what is the name of the great reservoir of comets called?
Oort cloud
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
In order for a redox reaction to occur spontaneously, what would be the sign of the calculated voltage of the cell?
Positive
Given that the speed of sound is 330 meters per second, what is the speed in meters per second of a jet traveling at
Mach [“mock”] 3?
990
Name the type of population growth which can occur if resources are unlimited and all individuals are reproducing
at a constant rate.
Exponential Growth (exponential)
Which term designates a pile of debris deposited by a glacier or ice sheet?
moraine
What are 3 of the 4 fundamental forces in physics?
Gravity, Electromagnetic, Strong (nuclear) and Weak (nuclear).
(accept Electro and magnetic force as electromagnetic (as 1 force)
If the specialized area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca’s area is damaged, what area of
functionality is hindered as a result?
speech
(60 sec) Gina bikes 4 miles at 8 miles per hour, then walks 2 miles at 5 miles per hour. What was Gina’s average speed?
6 2/3 miles per hour, also accept 6.66 miles per hour or 20/3 miles per hour
According to VESPR (vesper) theory, what is the molecular shape of methane?
tetrahedral
teria break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere.
Denitrification
What is the name of the aquifer from which most of Western Kansas receives water?
Ogallala Aquifer (accept Ogallala)
(30 sec) How many milliters of water must be added to dilute 100 milliliters of a 2 molar solution to a 0.5 molar solution?
300 (milliliters)
Occurring in “wet” and “dry” forms, this is a medical condition which usually affects older adults and results in a
loss of vision in the center of the visual field because of damage to the retina.
Aged-related Macular Degeneration (AMD or macular degeneration)
(30 seconds) What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1,300 kilograms traveling at a speed of 28 meters per second?
36, 400 kilogram meters per second
What term describes maximum departure of a wave from its average position?
amplitude
Name the measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.
electronegativity
What anatomical structure in the human body serves to assure equal air pressure on both sides of the ear drum?
Eustachian tube
(30 sec) Three resistors of two ohms each are connected in a series to a 12-volt battery. What is the current through the
circuit?
2 amps
Name the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them.
Geomorphology
What is the largest animal from the cat family found in southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and
South America?
Jaguar
(30 sec) What is the frequency of a sound wave with a wavelength of 0.5 meter and a wave speed of 300 meter per second?
600 Hertz or (inverse second)
(30 sec) Give the total number of atoms in the formula of aluminum carbonate.
14 atoms
Name the diagram that shows stars and their relationships between absolute magnitudes or luminosities versus their
spectral classifications or effective temperatures.
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram or H-R Diagram
Name the following compound: N2O5 (read N-2-O-5).
Dinitrogen Pentoxide
During DNA replication what are the small pieces of “disjointed” DNA called on the lagging strand?
Okazaki Fragments
(30 sec) What precipitate forms when zinc chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide?
Zinc hydroxide (accept zinc-2-hydroxide)
What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up the base pairs in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
How many different isomers are possible for a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C 4 H 10?
2
(30 sec) A car is pushed with a force of 2550 Newtons and accelerates to the right at 3.4 meters per second squared. What is
the mass of the car?
750 kilograms
(30 sec) If two displacement vectors of 6 meters and 8 meters (with varying directions) are added together, then the resultant
magnitude could range anywhere between what two meter measurements?
2 and 14 (meters)
What are the two protein myofibrils that make up filaments of a muscle?
Actin and myosin
Identify the network of vesicles found in the cytoplasm of many cells and used in the production of proteins and
carbohydrates.
Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex or Golgi body or Golgi
What term best describes the chemical and physical process that transforms sediments into rock?
lithification
What name is given to photosynthetic or chemosynthetic organisms which make up the base of a food chain or
ecological pyramid?
primary producers
Name the property of a mineral that describes how light is reflected from its surface.
Juster
(30 sec) What is the pH of a solution with hydroxide ion concentration of ten to the minus 10?
4
(45 sec) Find the equivalent resistance of a circuit having four resistors in parallel containing one 15 ohm, one 5 ohm, and
two 30 ohm resistors.
3 Ohms
What is the chemical substance produced by some insects to communicate and attract mates?
Pheromone
(45 seconds) How many moles of sugar are required to make 4 Liters of a saturated solution having a concentration of 0.6 molar?
2.4
What is the name of the compound from which limestone is made?
Calcium Carbonate
What is the VSEPR (vesper) shape of sulfur hexafluoride?
Octahedral
(30 seconds) In terms of g, what is the acceleration due to gravity on a planet with twice the radius and twice the mass of Earth?
0.5g or one-half g
Name the ecological process which describes a predictable series of changes that an ecosystem will go through
following a disturbance such as a fire, flood, or volcanic eruption.
Ecological Succession (also accept “Succession”)
(30 sec) A platform diver weighs 500 Newtons. She steps off a diving board that is elevated to a height of 10 meters above
the water. How many Joules of kinetic energy will the diver possess just as she hits the water?
5000 Joules or 5000 Newton-meters
Name the yellowish liquid that is excreted from the mammary gland as a precursor to breast milk.
Colostrum
What do we call the ratio of the air’s actual water-vapor content compared to the amount of water vapor that air can
hold at a specific temperature and pressure?
relative humidity
Name the term that refers to an increased amount of nutrients that have been added to natural waterways through
natural processes or human activities.
Eutrophication
How many electrons are required to fill a f sublevel?
14
In what layer of the earth’s atmosphere does the majority of weather occur?
Troposphere
(30 sec) How many lone pairs of electrons are located on the oxygen atom of a water molecule?
2
(30 sec) A teeter totter has 180 pounds placed four feet from the fulcrum. How many pounds must be placed six feet from the
fulcrum on the other side to achieve balance?
120 pounds
If a parent with a homozygous dominant gene pair for a trait is crossed with a parent with the recessive phenotype, what is the phenotypic ratio in the F one generation?
4:0 (accept 4 to zero or zero to four)
What term describes a plant’s tendency to grow towards a light source?
phototropism (phototropic)
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in nitrous acid?
+3 (plus 3)
(60 sec) Using an acceleration of gravity of 10 meters per second squared, what is the power output of a 68.8 kilogram
student who runs up a flight of stairs that is 3.4 meters tall in a time of 2.34 seconds?
1000 watts or accept 999.6 watts or any correct rounding of 999.6 watts
What effect describes the ejection of electrons from a metal surface when light falls on it?
Photoelectric
(60 seconds) What is the distance in centimeters of an image created using a convex lens that has a focal length of 12 centimeters with an object distance of 60 centimeters?
15
What term best describes the group of snakes that wrap their bodies around their prey and gradually squeeze until
the prey suffocates?
constrictors
In chemistry, what letter represents the principal quantum number?
n
(45 sec) Given the law of conservation of momentum, what is the velocity of a 500 kilogram cannon after it has fired a 10
kilogram cannon ball at a velocity of 50 meter per second?
negative one meter per second
What chemical law states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, they are in a simple whole number ratio to one another?
(law of) multiple proportions
What is the term for the maximum number of a given species that an ecosystem can sustain at any given time?
carrying capacity
Meaning “acid loving,” what variety of bacteria is commonly used to transform milk into yogurt?
Acidophilus
Give the term for the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is closest to the sun.
perihelion
What form of energy is used by a cell during active transport to accomplish the task of molecules moving from a point of lower concentration to a point of higher concentration?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What is the electron configuration for a fluoride ion which has an atomic number of 9?
1s2 2s2 2p6
What is the term for an open-chain hydrocarbon in which a triple bond between at least one pair of carbon atoms is
present?
alkyne (pronounced al-kine) Do not accept al-kane or al-keen
(30 sec) What would be the power rating of a 120-volt heater when it draws 12.0 amperes of current?
1440 watts or 1.44 kilowatts
What are the three shapes of galaxies as classified by Hubble?
Spiral, irregular, elliptical
Name the system that is related to instinct, emotions and mood and involves the hippocampus, hypothalamus,
thalamus, and parts of the cerebral cortex.
Limbic system
Give the chemical formula for chromium (II) nitrite (chromium 2 nitrite).
Cr(NO2)2(“Cr parentheses N-O-2 close parentheses two”)
(30 sec) What is the current flowing through a circuit with 20 ohms of resistance and a 12-volt power supply?
0.6 amperes [accept 3/5 ampere, unit can be expressed as “amps”]
What is the term for cells that have two sets of chromosomes?
Diploid
(30 seconds) To the nearest whole number, what is the mass, in grams, of one mole of glucose with a formula of C 6 H 12 O 6?
180
Which one of the four fundamental forces of the universe is most directly involved with maintaining the planets in
their orbits?
Gravity
Name two of the four factors that affect the size of a population.
(any two) birthrate, mortality rate (death rate), immigration, emigration
(30 seconds) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between a 20 Newton block and a table if it takes 5 Newtons to pull it at a constant speed?
0.25 (must be expressed as a decimal, do not accept 1/4)
(30 sec) The force of gravitational attraction between 2 steel balls is 5 Newtons. If both masses double and the radius
doubles, what is the new gravitational force of attraction?
5 Newtons
Give the name of the fatty layer of insulation surrounding the axons of many nerve cells which functions to speed
up the transmission of nerve impulses.
myelin (or myelin sheath)
Name the scientific principle which states only two electrons can occupy a given orbital, and both must have
opposite spins.
The Pauli (or Exclusion)(Principle)
Which land biome contains the greatest species diversity?
Tropical Rain Forest (prompt for additional information if student says rain forest)
“Magnetars,” “accretation-powered,” and “rotation-powered” are three categories of what type of neutron star that periodically emits radiation?
Pulsar
With a hardness of 6 on the Moh’s Scale of Hardness, give the term for the group of closely related minerals that
make up the majority of the earth’s crust.
Feldspar(s)
(30 sec) How many times more acidic is a solution with a pH of 5 compared to a solution with a pH of 8?
1,000 (times) (also accept 10^3)
What term describes a plant’s tendency to grow towards a light source?
Phototropic (or phototropism)
Some people feel an improvement in their health after taking a remedy that has no proven scientific effect on health
status. What is the effect called?
Placebo (effect)
(30 sec) How many Joules are in one watt-hour?
3600 joules
(60 seconds) How far does a car travel if it speeds up from rest at a rate of 4 meters per second squared for a period of 5 seconds?
50 meters
(30 sec) What would be the mass number of the radon produced when radium 226 undergoes alpha decay?
222
(30 seconds) How much current is flowing through a 60 watt light bulb if it is connected to a 120 volt supply?
0.5 amps or amperes
If a father is heterozygous for brown eyes and the mother has blue eyes, what is the probability their child will have
blue eyes?
50% or 1/2 or 1:2
What term is used to describe the path a projectile follows as it travels through space?
Trajectory
What is the name of the electromagnetic light show that lights up the Antarctic?
Aurora Australis
(30 sec) What is the gravitational potential energy of a 5 kilogram object dropped from a height of 3 meters above the
surface of Mars where the gravity is 3.7 meters per second squared?
55.5 Newtons or 55.5 kilograms meters per second squared
What is the ion that attaches to troponin to allow for muscle cell contraction?
Calcium or Calcium plus 2
Give the oxidation number for nitrogen in the compound dinitrogen trioxide.
+3
Name the common metallic element of the alkaline-earth group that burns in air with an intense white flame as used in flashbulbs, pyrotechnics, and incendiaries.
Magnesium
What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical characteristics of an organism
caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?
phenotype
If a cell shrinks when placed in a solution, what type of solution was it placed in?
hypertonic
(60 sec) Calculate the mass of copper, to the hundredths place, if a sample has a density of 8.94 grams per cubic centimeter
and a volume of 4 cubic centimeters.
35.76 grams
What theory, widely accepted by astronomers, explains the formation of the moon?
Giant Impact
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer that prevents most of the ultraviolet radiation from reaching
the surface of the Earth?
stratosphere
What is the molecular formula for perchloric acid?
H C L O 4
(30 sec) What would be the starting time of a car that finished a 1400 mile trip at 8:00 a.m. if it averaged 70 mph?
12 noon the previous day
What term of respiratory physiology is described by the following definition: the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal inspiration or expiration.
Tidal (volume)
What does a mycophagist eat?
fungi or mushrooms
What Greco-Egyptian astronomer’s geocentric theory of the universe was accepted until 1543, when Copernicus
formulated his theory that the earth is a moving planet?
Ptolemy.
Identify the three products of cellular respiration.
ATP (energy), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
What are the four fundamental forces of nature?
Strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, and gravity
What is the heaviest naturally occurring element?
Uranium
(30 sec) What is the total resistance of a parallel circuit with 2 branches, each with a 10 ohm [“ome”] resistor?
5 ohms
What almond-shaped and sized portion of the brain, called the “fear center,” helps us decide whether to fight, take flight or simply be afraid?
Amygdala
How many valence electrons does an atom of fluorine (atomic number 9) have?
7
(30 sec) Calculate the speed, in meters per second, of an ocean wave with a frequency of 20 Hertz and a wavelength of 2.5
meters.
50 meters per second
Operating on electromagnetic principles, what is the basic component of both ammeters and voltmeters?
Galvanometer
According to the combined gas law, what quantity varies inversely with pressure if temperature is held constant?
volume
Name the components of a cell found mainly in plants and protists, which are liquid-filled cavities enclosed by a
single membrane, and serve as storage areas for food and waste products.
vacuoles
Name the scientist credited with the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment.
(Gregor) Mendel
What is the name of the human body system that circulates white blood cells?
Lymphatic
Radio reception between two cities that are a great distance apart depends primarily on conditions in what layer of the atmosphere?
Ionosphere
What phenomenon of light makes it possible for light to stay inside fiber optics?
Total internal reflection
What term is given to the pores in leaves through which gases enter and leave?
Stomata
Name the compound with the formula of Cu Cl two, dot, six H two O. (CuC12.6H2O)
Copper (II) chloride hexahydrate (copper two chloride hexahydrate)
(30 sec) What is the centripetal force, in Newtons, needed to keep a 3 kilogram object in a circle with a radius of 2 meters, if
the object’s speed is 10 meters per second?
120 Newtons
(60 seconds) Dolomite is a carbonate of magnesium and calcium. Analysis shows that 7.81 grams of dolomite contains 1.70 grams of calcium. Calculate the mass percent of calcium in dolomite to the nearest tenth of a percent.
21.8%
What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid
(60 sec) How many moles of oxygen are required to completely combust two moles of methane?
4 (moles)
What is the only non-metal element that is liquid at room temperature?
Bromine
Which scale is metered from 1 to 10 and used by geologists to determine the hardness of minerals?
Moh’s (Scale of Hardness)
What type of rays have a high-frequency, travel at the speed of light and are the most penetrating form of radiation?
Gamma rays
What color would be emitted from lithium during a flame test?
red
What term refers to the lack of specialization or differentiation of stem cells?
Totipotent
Name the protein produced by cells after they have been exposed to a virus that prevents the virus from reproducing within the infected cells.
Interferon
(30 sec) Two resistors are wired in parallel. If each resistor has a rating of 6 Ohms, what is the equivalent resistance in Ohms
of the two resistors?
3
What is the name of a tide with little variation between high and low tides?
Neap Tide
Give the chemical name for the substance whose formula is N A 2 S O 3.
Sodium sulfite {sulfate is incorrect}
(30 sec) Assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 20% of a population is homozygous dominant, 52% is heterozygous, and
28% is homozygous recessive. How many of the next generation is predicted to be homozygous recessive if the
population contains 1000 individuals?
280
(30 seconds) What is the acceleration of a 5 kilogram object that is being pushed by a force of 35 Newtons?
7 meters per second squared or meters per second per second
(30 sec) In Hertz, what are the two possible frequencies of a tuning fork that can produce a beat frequency of 2 Hertz if it is
sounded together with a tuning fork of frequency 384 Hertz?
382 and 386
Name the thin sac of tough tissue that surrounds the heart.
pericardium
Give the term for a laboratory technique that uses a solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution.
titration
(60 seconds) In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring that is homozygous recessive for both traits?
1/16
(30 sec) What is the power in watts for a force of five newtons lifting an object six meters in two seconds?
15
Measured in Farads, what quantity measures the charge stored per volt across parallel plates?
Capacitance
What event follows the last phase of mitosis, completing the process of cell division?
Cytokinesis
What trophoblast (pronounced as tro-fo-blast) derived structure is absent in monotremes (pronounced as mon-o-treems) and marsupials, but found in all other mammals which nourishes the fetus in utero?
Placenta
What type of intermolecular force of attraction acts between two polar molecules?
dipole-dipole
What rock type forms from magma cooling rapidly on Earth’s surface?
Extrusive Igneous Rock
What Spanish word for “shaft or pit in a gold mine” is used in the U.S. to designate “a dry gully” or “a stream bed situated in a desert area”?
Arroyo
Renal failure refers to the shut down of what organs?
kidney(s)
(30 sec) What is the electron configuration for an oxide ion?
1s2 2s2 2p6 (reads 1s two, 2s two, 2p six)
Name the five-carbon sugar found in both ATP and ADP.
Ribose
Name the SI unit of capacitance.
farad
(45 seconds) How much power is generated in lifting a box if you exert a vertical force of 92 newtons while raising it to a height of 6 meters in 3 seconds?
184 Watts
What term is given to the bridge-like connection between the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain?
Corpus callosum
Which two word name is given to the cluster that includes the Milky Way and 25 or more other galaxies?
local group
Which German physicist’s work led him to the conclusion that matter can gain or lose energy only in small, specific amounts called quanta?
(Max) Planck
What are the two types of collisions?
Elastic and inelastic
What is the name of the family of elements requiring one electron to achieve a noble gas structure?
halogens
In seconds, what is the period of a wave with at speed of 3 meters per second and a wavelength of 6 meters?
2 (seconds)
To what class and order do bears belong?
(Class) Mammalia and (Order) Carnivora
What part of the digestive tract of crustaceans, consisting of a muscular tube with sharp teeth on the inside, is used to grind hard food items?
The gastric mill
What layer of the sun gives off visible light and is considered to be the surface of the sun?
Photoshpere
Name the chemical bond that holds two amino acids together.
peptide bond or peptide
If polonium-210 undergoes transmutation which results in lead-206, what particle is emitted?
Alpha (particle)
What do we call the measure of an earthquake’s damage?
Intensity
Name the class of organic acids, such as acetic (pronounced as ah-cee-tic) acid, that have the functional group C O O H.
Carboxylic
What is the mass of 37 liters of water?
37,000 grams or 37 kilograms
What two planets’ rotations are retrograde to their orbits?
Venus and Uranus
Name the unit of kidney activity that acts as a blood filter and begins the formation of urine.
Nephron
What two quantities of a planet’s orbit are related in Kepler’s 3rd law?
Radius and period (also accept revolution time for period)
(30 seconds) Neglecting friction and assuming acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, what is the acceleration in meters per second squared of a 65 kilogram skier skiing down a 30 degree slope?
5
Which Kingdom includes both the giant kelp and the amoeba?
Kingdom Protista
Name the thin layer of cells in a tree trunk that can divide to increase the diameter of the tree.
Cambium
Name the two planets on which the atmosphere consists chiefly of carbon dioxide.
Mars and Venus
(30 sec) How far, in meters, will a spring with a spring constant of 400 Newtons per meter stretch if a force of 100 Newtons is
applied?
0.25 (meters)
Name the term for tough bands of tissue connecting bone to bone.
Ligaments
(30 sec) How many moles are there in 54.0 Liters of nitrogen dioxide at STP?
2.41 moles
Which two angles are related in Snell’s law?
Angle of refraction and incidence
What organ allows bony fish to maintain buoyancy?
Swim bladder
(30 sec) If the principal quantum number is 4, what is the maximum number of electrons present?
32
What cosmic phenomenon is typically described as a narrow beam of intense radiation from a supernova explosion?
Gamma-ray burst
Name the particle that remains after a proton has been donated by an acid.
conjugate base
Name the tendon that connects the calcaneous with the gastrocnemius.
Achilles tendon
(30 sec) What is the momentum of a 12 kilogram object traveling at 6 meters per second?
72 kilogram meters per second
What layer of the earth’s interior, made largely of silicon dioxide and magnesium oxide, lies just below the
Mohorivicic (moe-hoe-roe-vich-ich) Discontinuity and just above the outer core?
Mantle
(30 sec) Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, how much upward force in Newtons is necessary
to lift a 5 kilogram object upwards at 3 meters per second squared?
65
AIDS is a disease caused by HIV that results in an ineffective immune system. What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(30 sec) What is the pH of a solution with a hydronium ion concentration of 0.01 mole per liter?
2
(30 sec) Assuming gravity equals 10 meters per second squared, a student with a mass of 100 kilograms is standing on a
bathroom scale in an elevator that is moving downward with an acceleration of 2 meters per second squared. What
does the scale read in Newtons?
800 (Newtons)
What artery carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary (artery)
Name the mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a green algae.
lichens
What is the state of matter, when it is near absolute zero, that all the atoms will exhibit the same quantum state
behaving as one single ‘mega’ atom?
Bose-Einstein condensate
What is the name of the fault line that produced four of the strongest earthquakes recorded in U.S. history and which
is named for a town in Missouri?
New Madrid (fault line) [properly pronounced MAD rid, not muh DRID]
Who determined that the paths of the planets are ellipses with the center of the sun at one focus?
Kepler
Name the two hormones that regulate blood sugar in humans.
Insulin and Glucagon
What is the name of the present geological era?
cenozoic
What is the SI unit of pressure?
pascal
What are the two high energy molecules produced during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH
What principle states that the buoyant force on a object in the fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid?
Archimedes’ principle
What are the three methods by which heat may be transferred?
Conduction, convection, radiation
What is the term used to describe a substance that is without water?
Anhydrous
With what element are saturated fats actually saturated?
hydrogen
What are the two protein molecules that make up the filaments of a muscle fiber?
actin and myosin
What is the oxidation number for each atom in NH4+1?
N = -3; H = +1
Who discovered that if a wire moves through a magnetic field, an electric current can flow?
(Michael) Faraday
What type of plant-like protist has silica walls?
Diatom
(30 sec) When a solution’s pH is changed from 9 to 6, how many more times acidic does the solution become?
10 to the third power or 1000 times
What is the slope of an acceleration versus time graph?
Jerk
What is the name given to a bed of porous rock, sand, or gravel that contains groundwater?
Aquifer
What is the term describing the indentation that forms between the two halves of an animal cell during telophase?
Cleavage furrow
What are the scientific names for the two ends of a battery?
Cathode and Anode (any order)
Name the narrow ring-shaped islands that evolve from coral reefs attached to volcanic cones.
Atolls
(30 sec) Assume the long-winged trait in insects is dominant over short wings. A long-winged insect is crossed with a short
winged insect producing all short-winged offspring. What percent chance did each offspring have for having long
wings?
50
(30 sec) A 30 kilogram child sits 3 meters from the fulcrum of a see-saw. How far in meters should a 45 kilogram child sit
from the fulcrum on the other side in order to balance the 30 kilogram child?
2
(30 sec) What is the gravitational field strength on a planet where a 15 kilogram object weighs 90 Newtons?
6 Newtons per kilogram
Name the four basic types of body tissue.
Epithelial, connective, nerve, muscle
Which law would support the statement, “In every sample of carbon monoxide, the mass ratio of carbon to oxygen is
3 to 4?
(Law of) Definite Proportions
Consisting of a floor, understory, canopy, and emergent layers, what ecological areas classified as either temperate or
tropical can be found around the world?
Rain forests
What scale is used to classify hurricanes according to wind, air pressure in the center, and potential for property
damage?
Saffir-Simpson (scale)
What rule of chemistry states that electron orbitals of equal energy fill up such that each orbital has a lone electron
before the electrons begin to pair up?
Hund’s (Rule)
A 45 kilogram child on ice skates catches a 5 kilogram ball thrown at 2 meters per second. How fast, in meters per
second, do they slide backwards neglecting friction?
0.2 (meters per second)
Name the area of the vertebral column that includes the neck.
Cervical
(60 sec) To the nearest tenth, how many moles of helium gas at STP would it take to fill a weather balloon with a volume of
65000 milliliters?
2.9
Name the earth shaping process in which the weight of a subducting plate helps pull the trailing lithosphere into a
subduction zone.
Slab pull
(30 sec) A car speeds up from 10 meters per second to 45 meters per second in 7 seconds. In meters per second squared, what
is the car’s acceleration?
5 (meters per second squared)
What term refers to the shrinking of the cytoplasm in a plant cell due to water loss?
Plasmolysis (plaz MAHL uh suhs), do not accept crenation
What is the name of the small hair-like structures on many unicellular organisms that are used to propel the organism
through a medium?
Cilia (or cilium)
What is the formula for copper (I) sulfate (read: copper one sulfate)?
Cu2SO4 (said as C-U-2-S-O-4)
What is the name given to the product of the angular velocity of a body and its moment of inertia about an axis of
rotation?
angular momentum
How many electrons are shared in the covalent bond that exists between carbon and oxygen in carbon monoxide?
3 pairs or 6 electrons
(30 sec) What is the predicted phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both
traits?
9:3:3:1 (also accept 9/16, 3/16, 3/16, 1/16)
Identify the major ocean current which forms in the Western Caribbean Sea and warms the winds that blow toward
Europe, enabling the British Isles and Norway to have milder winters than other regions of the same latitude.
Gulf Stream
Name two of the three general shapes of bacteria.
round (coccus, cooci, sphere), rod (bacillus), spiral (spririllum)
How would you classify metmorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals?
foliated
(45 sec) What is the acceleration, in meters per second squared, of a 500 kilogram cart that is being pushed with a force of 20
Newtons?
0.04 (meters per second squared)
What is the physical property of metals which allows them to be pulled into long thin wires?
ductility
What is a watt equivalent to in terms of kilograms, meters, and seconds?
Kg·m² /s³
Name the organelle containing stroma and thylakoids.
chloroplasts
What is the molar mass of: C3H8O3 (read as: C-3-H-8-O-3)?
92 grams/mole (must have units)
(30 sec) A concave mirror has a focal length of 10.0 centimeters. What is its radius of curvature in centimeters?
20.0 (centimeters)
Name the three nonviable daughter cells produced during oogenesis. (Pronounce O-O-genesis)
Polar bodies
What is the name of a steady state of chemical reactions, in which the forward and backward reactions are both
occurring but balanced?
Dynamic equilibrium (do not accept equilibrium)
(30 sec) What is the mass of an object that has a kinetic energy of 50 Joules and is moving at 2 meters per second?
25 kilograms
What plant chemical is used extensively in agriculture to ripen fruits that are harvested early and to loosen fruits so
that they drop more readily for machine harvest?
ethylene
What is the SI unit for angular displacement?
radians
What term is given to neucleotide triplets in messenger RNA?
codons
What is the chemical formula for Copper one sulfate?
C U 2 S O 4
What organelle that contains cristae, and has its own DNA, may once have been its own cell?
Mitochondria
What would be the name of the precipitate formed if an aqueous solution of barium nitrate is combined with an
aqueous solution of sodium sulfate?
barium sulfate
Whose principle, that governs the behavior of fluids, states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure
exerted by that fluid decreases?
Bernoulli’s
Name the two planets in our solar system without any moons.
Mercury and Venus
What is the bond angle for a trigonal planar compound?
120 degrees
What term is used to describe an enzyme (or any protein) that has had a conformational (shape) change rendering it
useless?
denature or denatured
What is the name for compounds that have shared molecular formulas but mirror image structural formulas?
stereo isomers
What is the larval form of most Mollusks and Annelids called?
trochophore
What property of electrical circuits is defined as the ratio of voltage to current?
Resistance
The reddish coating on Martian rocks is evidence of the chemical reaction of hematite with what other compound?
water
In what specific part of the body would one find the aqueous humor, vitreous humor and sclera?
eye
A block is sitting on the ground. On a free body diagram for the block, what is the physics term for the force that is
acting upwards on the block?
normal
What is the term for two substances, such as diamonds and graphite, which are two different forms of the same
element?
allotrope
What type of mimicry is displayed by the viceroy butterfly as it mimics the monarch butterfly?
Mullerian (myoo-LER-ee-uhn) mimicry
(30 sec) Calculate the kinetic energy of a truck with a mass of 2,000 kilograms that is moving at 8 meters per second.
64,000 Joules
(30 sec) Give the total number of atoms in the formula of aluminum carbonate.
14
What is the involuntary response of an organism to a stimulus, such as the response of a plant to gravity or sunlight?
tropism
Name the binary star system found in the handle of the big dipper.
Alcor-Mizar
What is the scientific term for a plant that sprouts with only one seed leaf?
Monocot
If oxygen 18 undergoes beta decay, what new isotope is formed?
Flourine 18
Give the Greek letter used in physics to indicate wavelength.
Lambda
(30 sec) If two purple flowering plants with one plant being heterozygous for purple, are crossed and the F1 generation
produces only purple plants what is the genotype of the other plant?
Homozygous capital Ps. (PP)
With a size of 578 miles in diameter, spherical in shape, and possessing abundant ice, what is the largest known
object in the asteroid belt?
Ceres
(30 sec) In meters per second and assuming the speed of light to be 3 times 10 to the 8 meters per second, what is the speed
of light in a material that has an index of refraction of 1.5?
2 times 10 to the 8th or 200,000,000
What is the Greek meaning of “platy” in the animal phylum Platyhelminthes (plat-i-hel-‘min(t)-thez)?
Flat
(30 sec) What is the new acceleration of a sled in meters per second squared that was accelerating at a rate of 2 meters per
second squared if the net force is tripled and the mass is doubled?
3
What English clergyman and chemist in 1774 discovered “dephlogisticated (pronounced dee-flow-gis-ti-kay-tid) air,”
or oxygen?
Joseph Priestley
What type of covalent bond is found between amino acids?
peptide bond or polypeptide bond
Identify two of the four natural processes that change climate.
Earth motions, Ocean circulation, Solar activity, Volcanic eruptions.
What molecular shape results when 4 shared pairs of electrons surround the central atom?
Tetrahedron or tetrahedral
The sizes of what objects are plotted on an H-R diagram?
Stars
Name the type of cell that builds bone tissue.
osteoblast
(30 sec) What is the resistance of a light bulb that has a current of 10 amperes and a voltage drop of 30 volts across it?
3 Ohms
What is the name for a colloidal suspension of one liquid in another?
emulsion
Name the order in which armadillos, anteaters, and sloths are classified.
Edentata
also accept: Xenarthrans
What physical law holds that the ratio of the sines of the incident and refracted angles equals the reciprocal of the ratio
of indices of refraction?
Snell’s law
(30 sec) A 4 kilogram block moving at 6 meters per second collides and sticks to a stationary 8 kilogram block. In meters
per second, what is the speed of the combined objects after the collision?
2
Identify the structures that both open and close the stomata in a plant cell, allowing gasses to enter and leave the plant.
Guard cells
