Variety Of Different Organisms Flashcards
Name the 5 kingdoms of life
Animals
Plants
Protoctists
Fungi
Bacteria
Which of the 5 kingdoms are eukaryotes
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Which of the 5 kingdoms are prokaryotes
Bacteria
Why are viruses not classified in one of the kingdoms
Viruses are not living things as they don’t follow all 7 life processes (MRS GREN)
Do prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells not have a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells do not contains a nucleus
Where do prokaryotes store dna
In the nucleoid which is found in the cells cytoplasm
Name 3 characteristics of a eukaryotic cell
- eukaryotic DNA is found within the nucleus
- organelles are bound by membranes
- they can be unicellular or multicellular
Name 3 characteristics of a prokaryotic cell
- they don’t have a nucleus, their DNA is found in the nucleoid in the cytoplasm
- they are unicellular
- no membrane bound organelles
- much smaller than eukaryotes
What is a heterotroph
An organism that eats other plants or animals
What is an example of a heterotroph
Animals
Through what process do animals produce energy
Through respiration
In which organelle does respiration primarily occur
Respiration occurs in the mitochondria
What is the equation for atp production
GLUCOSE + OXYGEN —> CARBON + WATER + ENERGY
Where do excess glucose in the body of an animal get stored
Glycogen
What is glycogen also known as
Animal starch
Which 2 categories are animals classified into
Vertebrate
Invertebrate
Are plants eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
What is an autotroph
an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals
What is an example of an autotroph
Plants
Through what process do plants create energy molecules
Photosynthesis
Plants are surrounded by ___
Cell walls
What are cell walls made out of
Cellulose
What do fungi store their excess sugars as
Glycogen
What is a saprotroph
a type of decomposer that feeds exclusively on dead and decaying plant matter
Which kingdom contains chitin in their cell wall
Fungi
What is cellulose replaced with in the fungi’s cell wall?
Chitin
Which type of saccharide is chitin composed of
Chitin is a polysaccharide
Give an example of a saprotrophic kingdom
Fungi
What do fungi store carbohydrates as?
Glycogen
What is mycelium
Many branching filaments (hyphae) together to make up the mycelium of a fungus
How is mould created
When a spore lands on food, a hypha grows out of it which can form mould
What is also known as the “dustbin kingdom”
Protoctists (protists)
Why are protoctists known as the dustbin kingdom
because they are a mixed group of organisms that do not belong into the other kingdoms.
Name a protist that resembles the animal cell
Amoeba
Name a protist that resembles the plant cell
Euglena
Do bacteria have chloroplasts
No
Name the 3 types of shapes of bacteria
Sphere, rod, spiral
What is the extra layer some bacteria have called
Capsule
Do bacteria cells have a nucleus
No
Where is genetic material stored in the bacteria cell?
Loose in the cytoplasm
What feature allows some bacteria to swim
Flagellium
What is the role of a plasmid in the bacteria cell
Rings of DNA that carries bacterium’s genes
What is a decomposer
A decomposer is any organism that breaks down or eats decaying material for its energy source.
What is a parasite
An organism that depends on other organisms to grow and reproduce
What is a pathogen
A virus is a pathogen that causes harm to other organisms when they use their cells to reproduce
Give me 3 examples of viruses
HIV, Influenza, herpes, Ebola virus, hepatitis B
What is genetic material surrounded by in a virus cell
A protein coat
What r the 2 types of genetic material
DNA
RNA
Describe the process of how a virus can kill the host cell (5 steps)
1) virus enters the host cell
2) it releases genetic content in the nucleus of the cell
3) viral proteins are created in the cell
4) viral particles are released into outer environment
5) after many particles are made, the host cell dies
What harm does HIV do to our body
HIV attacks the cells that help our body fight infection
What’s the difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV is a virus, AIDS is a disease that occurs when HIV remains untreated
Name a virus that occurs in plants
Tobacco mosaic virus
What do plants store glucose as?
Starch
Do plants have a permeable or impermeable vacuole and why
Plants have a permeable vacuole to be able to store water
What are 2 things that not all bacteria cells have
Flagellum
Cell capsule
How do viruses reproduce
By hijacking the reproductive mechanisms of a host cell
Give 2 examples of viruses that can affect both animal cells and plant cells
HIV
Tobacco mosaic virus
