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Biology > Variety Of Different Organisms > Flashcards

Variety Of Different Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 kingdoms of life

A

Animals
Plants
Protoctists
Fungi
Bacteria

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2
Q

Which of the 5 kingdoms are eukaryotes

A

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists

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3
Q

Which of the 5 kingdoms are prokaryotes

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

Why are viruses not classified in one of the kingdoms

A

Viruses are not living things as they don’t follow all 7 life processes (MRS GREN)

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5
Q

Do prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells not have a nucleus

A

Prokaryotic cells do not contains a nucleus

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6
Q

Where do prokaryotes store dna

A

In the nucleoid which is found in the cells cytoplasm

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7
Q

Name 3 characteristics of a eukaryotic cell

A
  • eukaryotic DNA is found within the nucleus
  • organelles are bound by membranes
  • they can be unicellular or multicellular
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8
Q

Name 3 characteristics of a prokaryotic cell

A
  • they don’t have a nucleus, their DNA is found in the nucleoid in the cytoplasm
  • they are unicellular
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • much smaller than eukaryotes
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9
Q

What is a heterotroph

A

An organism that eats other plants or animals

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10
Q

What is an example of a heterotroph

A

Animals

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11
Q

Through what process do animals produce energy

A

Through respiration

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12
Q

In which organelle does respiration primarily occur

A

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria

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13
Q

What is the equation for atp production

A

GLUCOSE + OXYGEN —> CARBON + WATER + ENERGY

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14
Q

Where do excess glucose in the body of an animal get stored

A

Glycogen

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15
Q

What is glycogen also known as

A

Animal starch

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16
Q

Which 2 categories are animals classified into

A

Vertebrate
Invertebrate

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17
Q

Are plants eukaryotic or prokaryotic

A

Eukaryotic

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18
Q

What is an autotroph

A

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

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19
Q

What is an example of an autotroph

A

Plants

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20
Q

Through what process do plants create energy molecules

A

Photosynthesis

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21
Q

Plants are surrounded by ___

A

Cell walls

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22
Q

What are cell walls made out of

A

Cellulose

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23
Q

What do fungi store their excess sugars as

A

Glycogen

24
Q

What is a saprotroph

A

a type of decomposer that feeds exclusively on dead and decaying plant matter

25
Q

Which kingdom contains chitin in their cell wall

A

Fungi

26
Q

What is cellulose replaced with in the fungi’s cell wall?

A

Chitin

27
Q

Which type of saccharide is chitin composed of

A

Chitin is a polysaccharide

28
Q

Give an example of a saprotrophic kingdom

A

Fungi

29
Q

What do fungi store carbohydrates as?

A

Glycogen

30
Q

What is mycelium

A

Many branching filaments (hyphae) together to make up the mycelium of a fungus

31
Q

How is mould created

A

When a spore lands on food, a hypha grows out of it which can form mould

32
Q

What is also known as the “dustbin kingdom”

A

Protoctists (protists)

33
Q

Why are protoctists known as the dustbin kingdom

A

because they are a mixed group of organisms that do not belong into the other kingdoms.

34
Q

Name a protist that resembles the animal cell

A

Amoeba

35
Q

Name a protist that resembles the plant cell

A

Euglena

36
Q

Do bacteria have chloroplasts

A

No

37
Q

Name the 3 types of shapes of bacteria

A

Sphere, rod, spiral

38
Q

What is the extra layer some bacteria have called

A

Capsule

39
Q

Do bacteria cells have a nucleus

A

No

40
Q

Where is genetic material stored in the bacteria cell?

A

Loose in the cytoplasm

41
Q

What feature allows some bacteria to swim

A

Flagellium

42
Q

What is the role of a plasmid in the bacteria cell

A

Rings of DNA that carries bacterium’s genes

43
Q

What is a decomposer

A

A decomposer is any organism that breaks down or eats decaying material for its energy source.

44
Q

What is a parasite

A

An organism that depends on other organisms to grow and reproduce

45
Q

What is a pathogen

A

A virus is a pathogen that causes harm to other organisms when they use their cells to reproduce

46
Q

Give me 3 examples of viruses

A

HIV, Influenza, herpes, Ebola virus, hepatitis B

47
Q

What is genetic material surrounded by in a virus cell

A

A protein coat

48
Q

What r the 2 types of genetic material

A

DNA
RNA

49
Q

Describe the process of how a virus can kill the host cell (5 steps)

A

1) virus enters the host cell
2) it releases genetic content in the nucleus of the cell
3) viral proteins are created in the cell
4) viral particles are released into outer environment
5) after many particles are made, the host cell dies

50
Q

What harm does HIV do to our body

A

HIV attacks the cells that help our body fight infection

51
Q

What’s the difference between HIV and AIDS

A

HIV is a virus, AIDS is a disease that occurs when HIV remains untreated

52
Q

Name a virus that occurs in plants

A

Tobacco mosaic virus

53
Q

What do plants store glucose as?

A

Starch

54
Q

Do plants have a permeable or impermeable vacuole and why

A

Plants have a permeable vacuole to be able to store water

55
Q

What are 2 things that not all bacteria cells have

A

Flagellum
Cell capsule

56
Q

How do viruses reproduce

A

By hijacking the reproductive mechanisms of a host cell

57
Q

Give 2 examples of viruses that can affect both animal cells and plant cells

A

HIV
Tobacco mosaic virus

Biology (5 decks)

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