Molecules, Transport And Health (3) Flashcards
Which 2 products needed can enter the cell for metabolic processes
Glucose
Proteins
Which 2 products are removed from the cell as waste products of cellular respiration
Carbon dioxide
Lactic acid
Define diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium/even distribution of molecules across the space.
Define concentration gradient
A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration between 2 areas. In context of diffusion, molecules move down their concentration gradient (from area of high to low concentration)
1) How do nutrients and gasses get to the blood vessels in aerobic respiration
2) name 2 nutrients that use this method
3) (bonus: explain aerobic respiration)
1)Through diffusion, the nutrients and gasses move from the cell into the blood vessels
2) glucose and oxygen
3) process where cells use oxygen to convert glucose into energy (ATP), producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
Explain aerobic respiration.
Include:
- how aerobic respiration happens
- general equation
- where it occurs
Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen to break down glucose (or other nutrients) to produce energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
The general equation for aerobic respiration is:
Glucose(C₆H₁₂O₆) + Oxygen(O₂) → CarbonDioxide(CO₂) + Water(H₂O) + ATP
It occurs in the mitochondria of the cells and is the main way cells produce energy when oxygen is available.
Name 4 factors that can influence the rate of diffusion
-temperature
-distance
-surface area
-concentration gradient
Why does surface area affect the rate of diffusion. What should change to make it faster?
A larger surface area allows for more molecules to enter the cell, increasing the rate of diffusion
Why does the temperature affect the rate of diffusion. What should change to make it faster?
Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of molecules, allowing them to move faster and increasing the rate of diffusion
Why does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion. What should change to make it faster?
A steeper concentration gradient (i.e., a larger difference in concentration) increases the rate of diffusion as more molecules will be entering the cell.
Why does the distance affect the rate of diffusion. What should change to make it faster?
A shorter distance between 2 areas allow the molecules to move faster inside the cell which increases the rate of diffusion
What word is used to describe a:
1) larger difference in concentration?
2) smaller difference in concentration
1) steep concentration gradient
2) shallow concentration gradient
Why are the walls of the alveoli thin?
The walls of the alveoli are thin to make it easier for oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO₂) to diffuse between the alveoli and small blood vessels.
How does glucose enter the bloodstream in the digestive system?
Glucose diffuses from the intestines into the bloodstream in the digestive system.
What is double circulation and how does it allow efficient gas exchange
Process when the heart pumps blood to both the organs and the lungs ensuring a concentration gradient between the blood and the tissues allowing efficient gas exchange.
What is osmosis
The movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a permeable (allows substances through) membrane.
What is the word used to describe something that allows substances like liquids through it
Something permeable/porous
Fill the blanks using: higher/lower
The container with the higher concentration of solutes will have a **____ ** concentration of water
The container with the higher concentration of solutes will have a lower concentration of water
Fill in the blanks:
Water molecules will move from the ____ concentration to the ____ concentration until the have the ___ concentration of water
Water molecules will move from the lower concentration to the higher concentration until the have the same concentration of water
In which important place of the cell would we find osmosis
The cell membrane
What is meant by “passive process”. When is it used
A “passive process” means that no energy is required for it to happen. It is used to describe the process of diffusion
What is a hypotonic solution and its affect on the cell
A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell. It causes the cell to swell
What is a hypertonic solution and its affect on the cell
A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell, water molecules will flow out of the cell, causing it to shrink.
Why do plant cells not burst from to water
Plant cells have a cell wall that provides structural support and prevents the cell from bursting when it takes in water. Additionally, plant cells have a vacuole that helps to regulate the amount of water in the cell.
