Varicocele Flashcards
1
Q
Define varicocele
A
dilated veins of pampiniform plexus
2
Q
What can a varicocele cause?
A
- Pain
- Testis damage (fibrosis & decreased spermatogenesis)
- Testis atrophy
- Infertility: Stress pattern
3
Q
Varicocele: PE
How do you perform?
What does it feel like?
How many grades?
A
- Perform supine, standing & valsalva
- “Bag of worms”
- Grade I, II, III
4
Q
Describe Grade I
A
Small, not grossly visible, only palpable during Valsalva
5
Q
Describe Grade 2
A
Moderate size, not grossly visible, palpable while standing
6
Q
Describe Grade 3
A
Large, grossly visible
7
Q
What side of the body are varicocele usually found?
A
Left
8
Q
What does a varicocele on the right side w/ rapid onset indicate?
A
Renal malignancy
Consider imaging
9
Q
What are surgical options for a varicocele?
A
- Repair/varicocelectomy
- Ligation of vein to redirect venous outflow (open or laparoscopic)
- Percutaneous embolization
10
Q
What are indications for surgery?
A
- Sx
- Palpable varicocele w/ abnormal semen analysis
- Varicocele w/ small testis
11
Q
3-6 months after varicocele repair, improvement in semen quality is seen in what % of men?
A
70%
