Variation, Reproduction And New Technology

Question 0

What do the chromosomes threads carry?

Answer 0

Genes

Question 1

The nucleus of a cell contains what?

Answer 1

Thread-like structures called chromosomes

Question 2

In gametes nuclei (sex cells) there are what?

Answer 2

Only one single set of chromosomes

Question 3

The nuclei of male and female sex cells contain what?

Answer 3

Only one set of genes

Question 4

Genetic information is passed down through reproduction so how many genes does the new offspring have?

Answer 4

Two sets of genes

Question 5

What do different genes control?

Answer 5

The development of different characteristics of the offspring

Question 6

In body cells, chromosomes come in pairs, why?

Answer 6

Because one set comes from female gamete and the other set from the father

Question 7

Identical clones produced by asexual reproduction is called?

Answer 7

Clones

Question 8

What are the sex cells in animals?

Answer 8

Sperm and egg

Question 9

Differences in characteristics of individuals of the same kind may be due to:

Answer 9

Differences in genes they’ve inherited, conditions in which they’ve been developed and a combination of both genetic and environmental causes

Question 10

Why would clones have differences?

Answer 10

Due to environmental factors

Question 11

How else might human development be effected other then environment

Answer 11

If the mother smokes or drinks alcohol, the baby may be born with a lift body weight

Question 12

Once animals are born their characteristics can alter, how?

Answer 12

If they eat too much or too little

Question 13

Is it more harder to clone animals or plants?

Answer 13

Animals

Question 14

What’s cloning used for in farms?

Answer 14

Useful for producing individuals that are useful in farming and agriculture

Question 15

Why in plants of cloning cheap and effective

Answer 15

By taking cuttings and growing them

Question 16

What is tissue culture?

Answer 16

Taking small groups of cells from a part of a plant and growing them under special conditions. This is more expensive.

Question 17

What can tissue culture be used to do?

Answer 17

Reproduce large numbers of rare or top quality plants

Question 18

What is embryo transplanting?

Answer 18

Embryo with unspecialised cells is split into smaller groups of cells. Each group of genetically identical cells is transplanted and allowed to develop in a host animal

Question 19

What happens in adult cell cloning

Answer 19

The nucleus of an adult cell (e.g skin cell) replaces the nucleus of an egg cell

Question 20

What happens first in adult cell cloning?

Answer 20

First the nucleus is removed from a unfertilised egg cell. The nucleus is removed from the skin cell and placed inside the empty egg cell

Question 21

What happens second in adult cell cloning

Answer 21

The new egg cell is given an electric shock which causes it to divide. The ball of cells is called the embryo

Question 22

The new formed embryo is what? ( in adult cell cloning)

Answer 22

Genetically identical to the adult skin cell

Question 23

What happens once the embryo has developed into a ball of cells?

Answer 23

It is inserted into the womb of a host mother

Question 24

What are some benefits of adult cell cloning

Answer 24

It can save animals from extinction & developments of cloned animals which have been genetically engineered to produce valuable proteins in their milk, these have used in medicine

Question 25

Disadvantages of adult cell cloning

Answer 25

Concerns about the ethics of cloning, limits the variation in population, this can be a problem for natural selection in the environment changed. Concerns about using This technique on humans in the future

Question 26

What does genetic engineering involve

Answer 26

Changing the genetic make up of an organism

Question 27

Genes can be transferred to the cells of what and when?

Answer 27

The the cells of animals, plants and microorganisms & in the early stage of development

Question 28

How is a gene cut out of a chromosome of an organism? - what happens after this?

Answer 28

Using An enzyme & the gene is then placed in the chromosome of another organism or bacterial

Question 29

Why might a gene be placed In the organism of the same species?

Answer 29

To give it desired characteristics

Question 30

Advantages of using cloning and genetic engineering

Answer 30

Cloning call the can produce heard a of cattle with useful characteristics, adult cell cloning can make copies of best animals, someone can be cures if correct gene is transferred, insulin and antibodies created from genetic engendering

Question 31

Disadvantages of using cloning and genetic engineering

Answer 31

Many people are worried about the effect of eating GM crops on human health. Insects that aren’t pests may be effected by GM. Wether it’s ethical or not, in known long term effects