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Biology > Keepig Healthy & coordination and control > Flashcards

Keepig Healthy & coordination and control Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What happens I your diet is unbalanced?

A

Malnourished

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1
Q

What are used in the body to release energy and build cells?

A

Carbohydrates, fat and protein

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2
Q

Why do different people need different amounts of energy

A

Different metabolic rate

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3
Q

What does it mean if you have a good metabolic rate?

A

Chemical reactions in cells work faster

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4
Q

What can effect your metabolic rate?

A

Exercise, proportion of muscle to fat & inherited factors

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5
Q

What can long-term obesity lead too?

A

Server health problems.. Type 2 diabetes

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6
Q

How can server health problems be reduced?

A

By eating less carbohydrates and increasing the amount of exercise

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7
Q

Why do starving people find it hard to eat?

A

Because they suffer from deficiency diseases due to lack of vitamins or minerals

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8
Q

What are fats? What foods?

A

Butter, lard, oils & it’s stored energy that’s used at another time

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9
Q

Why is water needed in the body?

A

Chemical reactions take place in watery conditions

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10
Q

What good are carbohydrates and what are they used for?

A

Rice, pasta, potatoes - produces energy

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11
Q

What’s fiber used for?

A

Help to prevent constipation - fruit & veg

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12
Q

What good are proteins and what do they do? What are they made about of?

A

Fish, meat, egg - build new tissues and repair broken ones. Their made out of amino acids

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13
Q

Metabolism are chemical reactions that…

A

Take place in the body

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14
Q

A high cholesterol is good or bad?

A

Bad

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15
Q

To much cholesterol can lead to?

A

Blocked Arteries

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16
Q

What does your body not recognise when you have to much cholesterol

A

Insulin

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17
Q

You cannot control what when your cholesterol is high

A

Control blood sugar

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18
Q

What are viruses?

A

Enter body cells - reproduce and brake open cells. Much smaller then bacteria

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19
Q

What’s bacteria?

A

Enter the body and produce toxins which are poisons

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20
Q

Name 3 microorganisms

A

Fungi, bacteria, virus

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21
Q

What are microorganisms that cause disease cause?

A

Pathogens

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22
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Ingest pathogens - produce antitoxins - produce antibodies

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23
Q

How to white blood cells ingest pathogens?

A

Digested by enzymes in white blood cells

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24
Q

Why do white cells produce antibodies?

A

To match the antigens on the cells

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25
Q

What happens in a vaccination?

A

Dead pathogens are inserted and white blood cells make antibodies

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26
Q

What does mmr stand for?

A

Measles mumps and rubella

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27
Q

What does autism do?

A

Effects people communication skills and social interaction skills

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28
Q

What do painkillers do?

A

Remove symptoms not actually take away bacteria

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29
Q

What symptoms do pathogens cause?

A

Head aches , fever

30
Q

What do antibiotics mean?

A

Remove symptoms & remove pathogens

31
Q

What happens if antibiotics are used too much?

A

Kills most pathogens but not all so pathogens create new alleles which when that pathogen reproduces through natural selection

32
Q

What’s mutation?

A

A random change in DNA

33
Q

Why do you need a good cholesterol?

A

For cell meme brains to make vital substances

34
Q

How can your cholesterol levels be made higher?

A

Foods rich on saturated fat

35
Q

Food that contains energy an excess energy can be..

A

Stored in the body as fat

36
Q

What does washing hands do?

A

Removes pathogens from them

37
Q

What receptors do you get in eyes?

A

Light receptors - sends electrical impulses to the brain along neurones (nerve cells)

38
Q

Where are receptors found?

A

Eye, ear, nose, sense organs

39
Q

Name some stimuli

A

Sounds, chemicals, temp change, touch, pain

40
Q

Where Is the nervous system found?

A

Brain and spinal cord

41
Q

What do sensory neurones do?

A

Carry electrical impulses from stimuli to cns

42
Q

What do reflex neurones do?

A

Carry electrical charges within the cns

43
Q

What do motor neutrons do?

A

Carry electoral impulses from cns to effector organs (muscle or glands) - they contract and secrete chemicals

44
Q

Whats the junction between a neuron called?

A

A synapse - chemicals transmit impulses across gap

45
Q

What does FHS stand for?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

46
Q

Where is FSH made?

A

Pituitary gland

47
Q

What does FSH CAUSE THE EGG to do?

A

Mature and for oestrogen to be produced

48
Q

Where is oestrogen produced? And what does it stop?

A

Produced in the ovaries & stops the further production of FSH. It stimulates the production of LH and also the the womb lining to develop to revive a fertilised egg.

49
Q

What does LH stand for? Where is it made?

A

Luteinising hormone & it’s made in the pituitary gland & stimulates the mature egg to be released from the ovary (ovulation)

50
Q

What may the contraceptive pill contain?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

51
Q

What does contraceptive pill prevent?

A

The production of FSH so no eggs can mature

52
Q

What happens if women can produce mature eggs? What’s this called

A

Then FSH and LH can be given - fertility treatment

53
Q

What does FSH cause?

A

The egg to mature

54
Q

Advantages of fertility treatment?

A

Contraceptive pills have helped reduce family size who had reduced poverty in some areas. It allows women to plan their pregnancies

55
Q

Disadvantage of fertility it treatment

A

Contraceptive pill can have side effects.

Unethical or against religion

56
Q

Advantages of fertility drugs

A

Fertility drugs can Help infertile couples taking IVF & IVF helps people to have baby’s

57
Q

Disadvantages of fertility drugs

A

IVF is expensive. Unethical when older women have babies by IVF. Extra embryos are destroyed

58
Q

What are internal conditions that are controlled?

A

Water content - ion content - temperature - blood sugar level

59
Q

Where do we lose water?

A

Sweat, breathing, urine

60
Q

Where do we lose ions?

A

In the sweat and urine?

61
Q

Why do we have to keep our body at a constant temp?

A

So enzymes can work effectively

62
Q

What is the level of sugar in our blood used for? What is it controlled by?

A

And energy source for cells, it’s controlled by the pancreas

63
Q

What are plants sensitive too?

A

Light, gravity & moisture

64
Q

Why do plant shoots grow toward the light?

A

As a response to phototropism

65
Q

Why do roots grow towards gravity?

A

A response to gravitropism

66
Q

What is the hormone that controls phototropism and gravitropism

A

Auxin

67
Q

What happens of there is an unequal distribution of auxin

A

Unequal growth. Results in bending of a shoot or root

68
Q

What can plant growth hormones be used as?

A

Weed killers & stimulate growth of roots

69
Q

In the root, does it grow more on the side with the most or least auxin?

A

Least auxin

70
Q

In the shoot does it grow more on the side with most auxin or less auxin

A

Most auxin

71
Q

How can hormones be used in plants?

A

As weedkillers, hormones used to encourage fruit to ripen, can be Harmful if used incorrectly

72
Q

What happens if a drug seems to work?

A

Is tested on animals, healthy human volunteers and on patients

73
Q

What are placebos

A

A drug looking pill that’s not actually a drug

Biology (6 decks)

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