Keepig Healthy & coordination and control Flashcards
What happens I your diet is unbalanced?
Malnourished
What are used in the body to release energy and build cells?
Carbohydrates, fat and protein
Why do different people need different amounts of energy
Different metabolic rate
What does it mean if you have a good metabolic rate?
Chemical reactions in cells work faster
What can effect your metabolic rate?
Exercise, proportion of muscle to fat & inherited factors
What can long-term obesity lead too?
Server health problems.. Type 2 diabetes
How can server health problems be reduced?
By eating less carbohydrates and increasing the amount of exercise
Why do starving people find it hard to eat?
Because they suffer from deficiency diseases due to lack of vitamins or minerals
What are fats? What foods?
Butter, lard, oils & it’s stored energy that’s used at another time
Why is water needed in the body?
Chemical reactions take place in watery conditions
What good are carbohydrates and what are they used for?
Rice, pasta, potatoes - produces energy
What’s fiber used for?
Help to prevent constipation - fruit & veg
What good are proteins and what do they do? What are they made about of?
Fish, meat, egg - build new tissues and repair broken ones. Their made out of amino acids
Metabolism are chemical reactions that…
Take place in the body
A high cholesterol is good or bad?
Bad
To much cholesterol can lead to?
Blocked Arteries
What does your body not recognise when you have to much cholesterol
Insulin
You cannot control what when your cholesterol is high
Control blood sugar
What are viruses?
Enter body cells - reproduce and brake open cells. Much smaller then bacteria
What’s bacteria?
Enter the body and produce toxins which are poisons
Name 3 microorganisms
Fungi, bacteria, virus
What are microorganisms that cause disease cause?
Pathogens
What do white blood cells do?
Ingest pathogens - produce antitoxins - produce antibodies
How to white blood cells ingest pathogens?
Digested by enzymes in white blood cells
Why do white cells produce antibodies?
To match the antigens on the cells
What happens in a vaccination?
Dead pathogens are inserted and white blood cells make antibodies
What does mmr stand for?
Measles mumps and rubella
What does autism do?
Effects people communication skills and social interaction skills
What do painkillers do?
Remove symptoms not actually take away bacteria
What symptoms do pathogens cause?
Head aches , fever
What do antibiotics mean?
Remove symptoms & remove pathogens
What happens if antibiotics are used too much?
Kills most pathogens but not all so pathogens create new alleles which when that pathogen reproduces through natural selection
What’s mutation?
A random change in DNA
Why do you need a good cholesterol?
For cell meme brains to make vital substances
How can your cholesterol levels be made higher?
Foods rich on saturated fat
Food that contains energy an excess energy can be..
Stored in the body as fat
What does washing hands do?
Removes pathogens from them
What receptors do you get in eyes?
Light receptors - sends electrical impulses to the brain along neurones (nerve cells)
Where are receptors found?
Eye, ear, nose, sense organs
Name some stimuli
Sounds, chemicals, temp change, touch, pain
Where Is the nervous system found?
Brain and spinal cord
What do sensory neurones do?
Carry electrical impulses from stimuli to cns
What do reflex neurones do?
Carry electrical charges within the cns
What do motor neutrons do?
Carry electoral impulses from cns to effector organs (muscle or glands) - they contract and secrete chemicals
Whats the junction between a neuron called?
A synapse - chemicals transmit impulses across gap
What does FHS stand for?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Where is FSH made?
Pituitary gland
What does FSH CAUSE THE EGG to do?
Mature and for oestrogen to be produced
Where is oestrogen produced? And what does it stop?
Produced in the ovaries & stops the further production of FSH. It stimulates the production of LH and also the the womb lining to develop to revive a fertilised egg.
What does LH stand for? Where is it made?
Luteinising hormone & it’s made in the pituitary gland & stimulates the mature egg to be released from the ovary (ovulation)
What may the contraceptive pill contain?
Oestrogen and progesterone
What does contraceptive pill prevent?
The production of FSH so no eggs can mature
What happens if women can produce mature eggs? What’s this called
Then FSH and LH can be given - fertility treatment
What does FSH cause?
The egg to mature
Advantages of fertility treatment?
Contraceptive pills have helped reduce family size who had reduced poverty in some areas. It allows women to plan their pregnancies
Disadvantage of fertility it treatment
Contraceptive pill can have side effects.
Unethical or against religion
Advantages of fertility drugs
Fertility drugs can Help infertile couples taking IVF & IVF helps people to have baby’s
Disadvantages of fertility drugs
IVF is expensive. Unethical when older women have babies by IVF. Extra embryos are destroyed
What are internal conditions that are controlled?
Water content - ion content - temperature - blood sugar level
Where do we lose water?
Sweat, breathing, urine
Where do we lose ions?
In the sweat and urine?
Why do we have to keep our body at a constant temp?
So enzymes can work effectively
What is the level of sugar in our blood used for? What is it controlled by?
And energy source for cells, it’s controlled by the pancreas
What are plants sensitive too?
Light, gravity & moisture
Why do plant shoots grow toward the light?
As a response to phototropism
Why do roots grow towards gravity?
A response to gravitropism
What is the hormone that controls phototropism and gravitropism
Auxin
What happens of there is an unequal distribution of auxin
Unequal growth. Results in bending of a shoot or root
What can plant growth hormones be used as?
Weed killers & stimulate growth of roots
In the root, does it grow more on the side with the most or least auxin?
Least auxin
In the shoot does it grow more on the side with most auxin or less auxin
Most auxin
How can hormones be used in plants?
As weedkillers, hormones used to encourage fruit to ripen, can be Harmful if used incorrectly
What happens if a drug seems to work?
Is tested on animals, healthy human volunteers and on patients
What are placebos
A drug looking pill that’s not actually a drug
