Variation in Plant and Animal Cells Flashcards
What are the main parts that most animal cells have?
Plasma membrane Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes
What is the role of the plasma membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
What is the role of the mitochondria?
Where most of the reactions for respiration take place.
Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work.
What is the role of the ribosomes?
Where proteins are made in the cell.
What is the role of the cytoplasm?
Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
It contains enzymes which control these reactions.
What is the role of the nucleus?
Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
What are the main parts that most plant cells have?
They usually have all the bits animal cells do, plus a few extra…
Rigid cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts
What is the role of the rigid cell wall?
Made of cellulose.
It supports and strengthens the cell.
What are chloroplasts?
They’re surrounded by a double membrane and also have membranes inside called thylakoid membranes.
These membranes are stacked up in the chloroplast to form grana.
Grana are linked together by lamellae- thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane.
Some photosynthesis happen in grana, some in stroma (thick fluid found within chloroplasts).
How is the palisade cell adapted?
It has lots of chloroplasts to absorb light.
It has a large vacuole to push the chloroplasts to the edge of the cell, so they’re nearer the light.
A thin cell wall to increase diffusion of CO2 into the cell.
How is the root hair cell adapted?
This cell absorbs water from the soil.
Part of the cell is elongated to increase its surface area, which increases the rate of absorption.
The cell has a large vacuole so it can hold as much water as possible.
The roots of a plant aren’t exposed to light so they don’t contain any chloroplasts.
Where do most chemical reactions take place in a cell?
Cytoplasm
Give three ways in which plant cells differ from animal cells.
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, a permanent vacuole and chloroplasts.
Name two places in a chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs.
Grane & Stroma.
