Variation in Health Status and Factorss influencing it

Question 1

Indigenous Australians

Answer 1

Australians of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin

Question 2

Biological factors

Answer 2

factors relating to the body that impacts on health and wellbeing, such as genetics, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, birth weight

Question 3

Sociocultural factors

Answer 3

the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These conditions include socioeconomic status, social connections, family and cultural norms, food security, early life experiences, and access to affordable, culturally appropriate healthcare

Question 4

Socioeconomic status

Answer 4

The social standing of an individual in comparison to others in that society. It is based on education, income and occupation

Question 5

Health Literacy

Answer 5

The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions

Question 6

Environmental factors

Answer 6

the physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. Include workplaces, housing, roads and geographical access to resources such as healthcare

Question 7

atherosclerosis

Answer 7

the build-up of plaque on blood vessel walls, making it harder for blood to get through

Question 8

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 8

a statistical measure of body mass calculated by dividing weight (kg) by height (m^2)

Question 9

Antioxidants

Answer 9

compounds in foods that neutralise free radicals

Question 9

Nutrient dense

Answer 9

foods that contain a large amount of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals

Question 9

Energy dense

Answer 9

foods that contain significant amounts of fat, carbohydrates and/or protein, therefore contributing large amounts of energy to the diet

Question 10

Free radicals

Answer 10

molecules formed when oxygen is metabolised.
Can damage healthy blood cells and increase the risk of diseases such as CVD and cancer

Question 11

Fortified

Answer 11

when a nutrient has been artificially added to food to increase its nutritional value

Question 12

Anaemia

Answer 12

a condition characterised by a reduced ability of the body to deliver enough oxygen to the cells due to lack of healthy red blood cells

Question 13

Biological factors (factors)

Answer 13

• body weight (high)
• blood pressure levels (high)
• glucose regulation (impaired glucose regulation)
• birth weight (low)
• genetics (fat distribution) (hormones)
• blood cholesterol

Question 14

Sociocultural factors (egs)

Answer 14

• homelessness
• socioeconomic status (high/low)
• early life experiences (maternal smoking)
• unemployment
• cultural factors (western medicine is inappropriate) (masculine jobs/traits/sports) (media) (peer pressure) (children)
• social exclusion
• food security (food insecurity)
• education
• income
• access to healthcare
• neighbourhood safety

Question 15

Environmental factors (egs)

Answer 15

• housing (poor housing) (overcrowding)
• water and sanitation
• access to healthcare (proximity)
• infrastructure
• work environment (dangerous/outside/transport)
• geographic location (fast food/recreational facilities)
• Climate change

Question 16

Smoking

Answer 16

• lung cancer/bowel cancer (faults in cells so divide)
• hypertension (reduced oxygen in blood - heart rate)
• low birth weight -> infections (maternal smoking - less blodflow - >immune system)

Question 17

Alcohol

Answer 17

• breast cancer (>oestrogen - >risk)
• obesity (has kj - weight gain)
• liver disease (alcohol filtered by liver - scarring tissue - not function)
• injury (lose control & judgement - risk taking behaviours)

Question 18

BMI

Answer 18

• kidney disease (weight on kidneys - work harder - hard to filter waste)
• type 2 diabetes (fatty acids & inflammation - insulin resistance)
• asthma (produce inflammatory substances - impair lung function)

Question 19

Vegetables

Answer 19

• high BMI (less fibre - energy dense)
• colorectal cancer (less fibre - no bulk - constipation - cancer)
• spina bifida - (folate - prenatal dev)
• hypertension - (high low-density pipoproteins)

Question 20

Fruit

Answer 20

• high BMI (less fibre - energy dense)
• spina bifida (folate - prenatal dev)
• hypertension (high low-density lipoproteins

Question 21

Dairy foods

Answer 21

• osteoporosis (calcium - strong bones - older adults)
• dental caries (calcium - teeth)

Question 22

Fibre

Answer 22

• high BMI (fullness - energy dense)
• colorectal cancer (cleans digestive - cancer)
• hypertension (attaches to LDL - excretes them - less cholesterol)
• type 2 diabetes (less glucose absorption)

Question 23

Salt

Answer 23

• hypertension (sodium - draws excess fluid out of cells - blood - more blood volume)
• osteoporosis (sodium calcium into urine)

Question 24

Sugar

Answer 24

• BMI (excess - stored as fat - weight gain)
• dental caries (food source for bacteria - bacteria produce acids = tooth decay)

Question 25

Fat

Answer 25

• BMI (not used - stored as fat)
• atherosclerosis (LDP on walls of blood vessels - substances embedded - hardening & narrowing of arteries)
• type 2 diabetes (saturated & trans - interfere cell membrane - transport glucose to cells)

Question 26

Iron

Answer 26

• Anaemia (not enough oxygen in blood)