Comparing HS and BoD accross Countries

Question 1

Primary production

Answer 1

the process of producing natural products for human use such as plants and animals

Question 2

Subsistence farming

Answer 2

self-sufficient farming carried out by individuals to provide food for themselves and their family

Question 3

Gross National Income (GNI)

Answer 3

the total value of goods and services a country’s citizens produce, including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country

Question 4

Economic characteristics of countries

Answer 4

• levels of poverty
• range of industries
• opportunities for global trade
• average incomes

Question 5

Social characteristics of countries

Answer 5

• gender equality
• birth rates & population growth (low for high)
• levels of employment
• levels of education
• social security systems
• health system
• access to technology
• legal systems

Question 6

Environmental characteristics of countries

Answer 6

• access to safe water and sanitation
• food security
• housing
• infrastructure
• levels of CO2 emissions (high for high)

Question 7

Extreme poverty

Answer 7

Living on less than US$1.90 per day

Question 8

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 8

a measure that reflects the economic state of a country. GDP is the value of all goods and services produced in a country in a 12-month period

Question 9

Similarities between countries

Answer 9

• variation exists within the country
• life expectancy is increasing
• infant, u5mr, maternal decreasing
• non-communicable diseases account for greatest proportion of deaths
• rates of obesity are increasing

Question 10

Differences between countries

Answer 10

• life expectancy generally fluctuates more in low- and middle-
• life expectancy is higher in high-income
• mortality rates increase as average income decreases
• mortality from infectious diseases are higher in low-
• many middle- and low- experience double burden of disease
• rate of yld increases as average income increases
• rate of daily and yll increase as average income decreases

Question 11

Gender equality

Answer 11

when males and females have equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities

Question 12

Urban slums

Answer 12

a settlement, neighbourhood or region comprised of housing that does not provide the essential conditions required to live a healthy life

Question 13

communicable diseases

Answer 13

infectious diseases that are transmitted from the environment; including through air, water, food, and other infected organisms

Question 14

Non-communicable diseases

Answer 14

conditions that are usually long- lasting and generally progress slowly. They are not spread through the environment and include CVD, cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes

Question 15

Malaria

Answer 15

A communicable disease that is transmitted via infected mosquitoes

Question 16

HIV

Answer 16

an infection that results in the gradual depletion and weakening of the immune system, resulting in increased susceptibility to other infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis

Question 17

AIDS

Answer 17

the most advanced stage of HIV infections

Question 18

Double burden of disease

Answer 18

when conditions associated with both poverty and wealth exist side-by-side in one community, such as undernutrition and obesity

Question 19

Safe water

Answer 19

Safe or ‘clean water’ refers to water that is not contaminated with disease-causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, or chemicals such as lead and mercury

Question 20

Stagnant water

Answer 20

water without a current or flow

Question 21

Sanitation

Answer 21

Generally, refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, but can also refer to the maintenance of hygienic conditions through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.
Adequate sanitation requires a flushing toilet or covered latrine and the hygienic removal or containment of the waste production

Question 22

Latrine

Answer 22

A simple communal toilet facility, often a trench dug in the ground or a pit

Question 23

Poverty

Answer 23

poverty refers to deprivation. Deprivation is the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society

Question 24

Extreme/absolute poverty

Answer 24

those living on less that a certain amount per day (US$1.90 a day)

Question 25

Relative poverty

Answer 25

those living on less than 50% of their country’s average income

Question 26

Discrimination

Answer 26

Unjust treatment and the violation of rights of an individual due to factors such as their age, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status

Question 27

Refugee

Answer 27

Someone who is outside their country and cannot return without risking their life or freedom due to conflict or persecution

Question 28

Internally displaced person

Answer 28

A person who has been forced to flee their home to escape conflict, persecution, or disasters, however, they have not crossed an international border and remain inside their country

Question 29

Human rights

Answer 29

Relates to the freedoms and conditions to which every person is entitled

Question 30

Racial discrimination

Answer 30

When a person is treated less favourably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, colour, descent national or ethnic origin or immigrant status

Question 31

Religious discrimination

Answer 31

When a person is treated differently because of the particular beliefs which they hold about a religion

Question 32

Sex

Answer 32

Refers to the physiological characteristics, including the DNA and sex organs, present in an individual at birth

Question 33

Sexual orientation

Answer 33

Describes the sex that an individual is sexually and romantically attracted to

Question 34

Heterosexual

Answer 34

Those attracted to members of the opposite sex

Question 35

Homosexual

Answer 35

Usually described as gay or lesbian

Question 36

Bisexual

Answer 36

Attracted to both sexes

Question 37

Asexual

Answer 37

Not attracted to either sex

Question 38

Gender identity

Answer 38

Describes how individuals perceive themselves as male, female, a blend of both, or neither. A person’s gender identity can be the same or different from the sex assigned at birth

Question 39

Cisgender

Answer 39

A person whose gender identity is consistent with the sex assigned to them at birth

Question 40

Transgender

Answer 40

A person who identifies with the opposite sex to that assigned to them at birth

Question 41

Gender non-conforming individuals

Answer 41

Individuals who do not identify as either gender, or identify with a combination of both male and female genders

Question 42

Globalisation

Answer 42

The process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated allowing individuals, group and companies to act on a global scale. It can be described as transforming the different societies of the world into one global society. A reduction in barriers to trade, communication and transport contributes to this process.