Variation in Chromosome Number

Question 1

ploidy number

Answer 1

number before n is the number of sets of chromosomes

Question 2

aneuploidy

Answer 2

number of chromosomes in an interphase somatic cell is not an exact multiple of the haploid number

Question 3

2n -1 = 7

Answer 3

monosomic

Question 4

2n-2 = 6

Answer 4

nullisomic

Question 5

2n-1-1 = 6

Answer 5

double monosomic

Question 6

2n+1 =9

Answer 6

trisomic

Question 7

2n + 2 =10

Answer 7

tetrasomic

Question 8

2n+1+1 = 10

Answer 8

double trisomic

Question 9

47 chromosomes

XXY

Answer 9

Klinefelter

Question 10

47 chromosomes 21+

Answer 10

down syndrome

Question 11

45 chromosomes

XO

Answer 11

turner

Question 12

47 chromosomes

18+

Answer 12

edward

Question 13

47 chromosomes

XXX

Answer 13

female

Question 14

47 chromosomes

13+

Answer 14

Patau

Question 15

polyploidy

Answer 15

extra sets of chromosomes

Question 16

what are some examples of polyloids?

Answer 16

wheat
oats
cotton
potatoes
sugar
salamanders
frogs
lizards

Question 17

haploid

Answer 17

1 of every chromosome

Question 18

diploid

Answer 18

2 of every chromosome

Question 19

triploid

Answer 19

3 of every chromosome

Question 20

tetraploid

Answer 20

4 of every chromosome

Question 21

autopolyploidy

Answer 21

extra sets of chromsomes are identical to normal chromosome set

all sets are from the same species

tend to be sterile

Question 22

allopolyploidy

Answer 22

combination of sets of chromosomes from 2 species

tend to be fertile

Question 23

autotriploid

Answer 23

AAA

Question 24

allotriploid

Answer 24

AAB

Question 25

autotetraploid

Answer 25

AAAA

Question 26

allotetraploid

Answer 26

AABB

Question 27

nondisjunction in anaphase of mitosis

Answer 27

can result in doubling of chromosome number | relatively common in plants

Question 28

nondisjunction of all chromosomes in meiosis

Answer 28

can result in gametes with extra sets of all chromosomes chromosomes

Question 29

sterility in triploids

Answer 29

due to irregular pairing in meiosis that results in unbalanced gametes difficult for 2 gametes that met at random to exactly restore 3 copies of each chromosome in a zygote

Question 30

examples of triploids

Answer 30

bananas | seedless wtermelons

Question 31

outcomes of meiosis in a triploid

Answer 31

a trivalent or a bivalent and a univalent

Question 32

can an allotriploid for a trivalent

Answer 32

no

Question 33

can an autotriploid form a trivalent

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

fertility in autopolyploids

Answer 34

they are sterile to varying degrees propagate asexually - ie cutting, suckers, etcs

Question 35

examples of autopolyploids

Answer 35

potatoes | chrysanthemums

Question 36

higher ploidy autopolyploids usually result in...

Answer 36

``` larger plants vigorous, lush vegetative parts flowers with multiple petal layers large flowers etc ```

Question 37

meiotic possibility for autotetraploid AAAA

Answer 37

2 bivalents 1 quadrivalent 1 univalent + 1 trivalent

Question 38

liger

Answer 38

interspecific hybrid female is fertile male is sterile both tiger and lion have 38 chromosomes

Question 39

when can interspecific hybrids be fertile in animals?

Answer 39

when breeding occurs within the same genus or between sub-species

Question 40

example of interspecific hybrid in animal that is sterile why?

Answer 40

mule Donkeys are 2n = 62 Horses are 2n = 64 Not all chromosomes have a homologous partner to allow balanced gametes

Question 41

amphidiploid

Answer 41

allopolyploid that behaves like a diploid in meiosis forms balanced gametes

Question 42

how is an amphidiploid produced?

Answer 42

- 2 species with different ploidy numbers mate forming a sterile hybrid - spontaneous doubling of the chromosomes occurs - there are now two copies of each chromosome, create a fertile product

Question 43

colchicine

Answer 43

- chemical that can cause chromosome doubling - disrupts spindle fibers in cell division so that chromosomes do not segregate - used to turn a sterile hybrid into a amphidiploid in the lab

Question 44

Beasley

Answer 44

used colchicine to create a fertile amphidiploid from the combination of old world cotton and wild American cotton, discovering the progenitor species of modern day cotton

Question 45

triticale

Answer 45

hybrid of wheat and rye then exposed to colchicine to create fertile product hearty and better amino acid content