Variables Flashcards
Independent variables
-predictor variables
-patient demographics
-necessary for confounder analysis
dependent variables
-response variables
-outcomes
MAARIE Framework
-method
-assignment
-assessment
-results
-interpretations
-extrapolation
In the MAARIE framework, where does randomization occur?
in the Assignment stage
In the MAARIE framework, where does the independent variable occur?
assignment
In the MAARIE framework, where does the dependent variable occur?
Assessment stage
Point estimate
-difference in dependent variable between groups
in the result section
Where can internal validity be found in the MAARIE framework?
Interpretation section
Where can external validity be found in the MAARIE framework?
Extrapolation section
clinical outcomes
-clinical events
-physiological measures
-length of stay
-hospital admission and readmission
-ER or clinical visit
Patient orientated outcomes
-what the patient cares about
-morbidity
-mortality
-cost
-quality of life
-function status
-symptom scores
-patient satisfaction
-Tool validation is essential
Surrogate endpoints
-outcome that may correlated with a future event
-AKA disease oriented outcomes
Surrogate endpoints PROs
-measured quickly
-responsive to intervention in shorter time
-reduced sample size
-less expensive
Surrogate endpoints disadvantages
-result may be misleading if outcome is not well understood
-sole reliance on surrogate endpoints may lead to inaccurate conclusions
Composite endpoints
Combination of two or more individual outcomes into one broad
outcome
-ex) Stroke OR MI
-goal is to increase statistical power
-risk for misleading results
Objective outcomes
-not influenced by feelings opinions or bias
-more difficult to influence
-Lab values and clinical events
Subjective outcomes
-subject to interpretation, feelings, or influence
-effective blinding is ESSENTIAL
binomial
yes v. no
Continuous variable classification
-can stop anywhere on the coninium
ordinal
-ordered but not necessarily linear
-Likert scales
-GOLD classification for COPD
Nominal(categorical)
-ethnicity
-marital status
-eye color
