Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

What is valvular heart disease?

Answer 1

• Stenosis (narrowing) of the valve opening
• Incomplete closure of the value (regurgitation)
• Prolapse of the valve

Question 2

Valvular heart disease is associated with:

Answer 2

• Rheumatic fever
• Infection
• Calcification of the valve
• Aging
• Damage from a heart attack

Question 3

Mitral regurgitation/ insufficiency

Answer 3

• Blood from the left ventricles flows back into the left atrium

Question 4

Mitral stenosis

Answer 4

• Endocarditis
• Annulus calcification
• Narrows d/t fibrosis or calcification
• Greater resistance to blood flow which leads to reduced cardiac output

Question 5

Symptoms of Mitral Stenosis

Answer 5

• Right heart failure

- Dyspnea

Question 6

Aortic Insufficiency

Answer 6

• Blood back flows into he left ventricle -> FVO -> dilation and hypertrophy over time

Question 7

Symptoms of Aortic Insufficiency

Answer 7

• Left sided heart failure

- Pulmonary edema

Question 8

Aortic stenosis

Answer 8

• Elevated left ventricle pressure d/t narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic valve
• Added work load (heart needs to beat harder to overcome stenotic valve) causes decreased CO2, Increased O2 demand and ischemia

Question 9

Treatment

Answer 9

-Artificial Valve: mechanical, porcine, bovine

Question 10

Risk

Answer 10

• CLOT, CLOT, and CLOT

Question 11

Nursing considerations

Answer 11

• Coumadin

- INR goal