Valvular heart disease Flashcards
Give 3 signs of aortic stenosis
Slow rising carotid pulse
Soft/absent heart sounds
Ejection systolic murmur
Give 3 signs of aortic regurgitation
Wide pulse pressure
Diastolic blowing murmur
Systolic ejection murmur
Give 5 signs of IE
Roth spots Osler's nodes Janeway lesions Heart murmurs Splinter haemorrhages
What are the indications for surgery for IE?
Abx not working Complications Remove infected device Replace valve Remove large vegetations before they embolise
What is the management of mitral regurgitation?
AF - rate control (B-blockers,CCB), anticoagulation
Diuretics
IE prophylaxis
Surgery if symptomatic
3 symptoms of IE
Signs of systemic infection eg. fever, sweats
Embolisation - stroke, PE, MI
Valve dysfunction - HF, arrhythmia
What 4 things can you find out from an echocardiogram in aortic valve stenosis
Valve area, ejection fraction, LV hypertrophy, pressure gradient
What is the treatment for aortic regurgitation?
ACE inhibitors
IE prophylaxis
Surgery if symptomatic
What are the signs of mitral valve stenosis?
Mitral facies, diastolic murmur, opening S1 snap
What is the normal area of the aortic valve?
3-4cm2
Give 3 symptoms of aortic stenosis
Syncope, angina, dyspnoea
Give 4 causes of aortic stenosis
Congenital stenosis, congenital bicuspid valve, degenerative calcification, Rheumatic heart disease
Give 4 cases of mitral regurgitation
Myxomatous degeneration, ischaemic MR, Rheumatic heart disease, IE
What murmur is heard in mitral regurgitation
Pansystolic
Give 3 causes of aortic regurgitation
Bicuspid valve, IE, rheumatic heart disease
