valvular heart disease

Question 1

Primary mitral regurgitation

Answer 1

–myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve- prolapse
–ischemic heart disease,
–infective endocarditis,
–collagenosis (SLE, Marfan’s syndrome),
–rheumatic heart disease,
–Trauma
Congenital

Question 2

Acute form of mitral regurgitation

Answer 2

Pulmonary edema

Question 3

chronic form of mitral regurgitation

Answer 3

Symptoms:

• Asymptomatic- a long period
• Dyspnea
• Palpitations- atrial Fi
• Tiredness

Physical exam:

• [*] Marfan syndrome – habitus
• [*] Signs of endocarditis-poss.

Question 4

Etiology mitral stenosis

Answer 4

–Rheumatic fever – most common
–Congenital
–Degenerative

Question 5

Clinical manifestations

mitra stenosis

Answer 5

• dyspnea
• chest pain
• hoarsness
• hemopysis

Question 6

chronic aortic regurgitation

Answer 6

• rheumatic heart disease,
• dilatation of the ascending aorta (aortic root disease, aortoannular ectasia)- common in Marfan syndrome, spondilitis, syphilis
• congenital

Question 7

Acute AR

etiology

Answer 7

–bacterial endocarditis
–Trauma,
–acute dissection of aorta

Question 8

AR

clinical manif.

Answer 8

• –exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea= LVF (late)
• –Angina pectoris: may occur without CAD because coronary perfusion is inadequate to meet the demands of the enlarged and hypertrophic left ventricle; aortitis can involve the origin of the coronary arteries, leading also to angina.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• –Palpitations
• –Syncope- uncommon
• –Sudden cardiac deaths- rare

Acute AR:

• ALV failure;
• cardiogenic shock.

Question 9

aortic stenosis

Answer 9

[*] Congenital
[*] Degenerative
[*] Rheumatic fever

Question 10

Clinical manifestations AS

Answer 10

Classical triad:

[*] Angina
[*] Syncope- exertional (decreased cardiac output)
[*] Dyspnea- heart failure