Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
These are meant to allow blood, to go through from one place to another and then close off.
VALVES
What is the normal function of the valves?
prevent any type of regurgitation or back flow from that blood going through
What are the main problems in valvular heart disease?
- Valves cannot perform properly
- The issues that sufficient blood flow goes out from the heart
Name all the valves, describe, and identify the function.
Atrio-ventricular valves
1. Trcuspid - RA&RV
2. Mitral - LA & LV
Closes together and produces “lub”
Semilunar valves
1. Pulmonic - RV & PA
2. Aortic - LV to the rest of the body through the aorta
Closes together and produces “dub”
What are the 2 problems of valvular heart disease?
stenosis
regurgitation
• Insufficiency to open and “stiff”
• Thickened stiff valves; problem in opening
stenosis
Decreased blood flow coming down & Increased blood flow bouncing around causes…
turbulent blood flow
• Insufficiency when closing
• Problem in closing; can close but can’t fully closed
Regurgitation
If there is regurgitation, where does the blood goes?
blood turns back
what are the causes of valvular hear disease?
congenital
acquired
TRYE OR FALSE: If the cause of valvular heart disease is congenital (birth defect), If there is congenital heart problem there is also congenital problem in the valves.
TRUE
What are the acquired causes of valvular heart disease?
• Degenerative — old age (the closing and opening of valves do not function well due to fibrotic
or calcification of the valves)
• Rheumatic (RHD) – can cause calcification
• Infective — streptococcal infection (GABHS, sore throat)
What happens it “Aortic Stenosis”?
• Main Problem: Valve NOT Opening Properly
• Left Ventricle squeezes = Valve do not open → increase after load (isu dijay mabati idjay
chamber once nag pump jay ventricle) →LV push harder → Ventricular enlargement
What happens in “Mitral Stenosis”?
• Main Problem: Valve NOT Opening Properly
• Left atrium squeezes = Valve do not open → increase afterload → LA push harder → Left atrial
enlargement → left-sided heart failure
How does mitral stenosis associated with congestive heart failure?
• if there is mitral stenosis, there is pulmonary signs and symptoms, blood may goes to the lungs
– if lungs is full, it will go back to the right ventricle – once the right ventricle take effort there
is a possibility of right sided hypertrophy — until it develops to right sided heart failure thus
congestive heart failure
What happens in “Aortic Regurgitation”?
• Main Problem: Valve NOT Closing Properly
• Left Ventricle squeezes blood through the aorta → valve doesn’t completely close → backflow of blood
What happens in “Mitral Regurgitation”?
• Main Problem: Valve NOT Closing Properly
• Left atrium squeezes blood into the LV→ valve doesn’t completely close → backflow of blood
Risk Factors of valvular heart disease
hypertension
rheumatic fever
congenital malformations
infective endocarditis
marfan syndrome
how does hypertension became a risk factor for valvular heart disease?
due to mechanical stress, over time it could lead to thickening of veins
how does rheumatic fever became a risk factor for VHD?
causes inflammation of the heart
how does congenital malformation became a risk factor for VHD?
high chance that there is also congenital problem in the valves
how does infective endocarditis became a risk factor for VHD?
any type of infection that can get into the heart
How does Marfan Syndrome became a risk factor for VHD?
affects connective tissue, weakens the heart’s structure, particularly the valves. This leads to issues like mitral valve prolapse or aortic valve regurgitation, where the valves don’t close properly. Over time, these valve problems can cause valvular heart disease,
increasing the risk of heart complications such as heart failure.
Symptoms of VHD
dizziness
fatigue
SOB/dyspnea
Angina (chest pain)
