valvular heart disease Flashcards
What is a 3rd heart sound described as
gallop rhythm
In older patients a third heart sound can be suggestive of
heart failure
What causes a 4th heart sound
Stiff or hypertrophic ventricles
Mitral stenosis can cause left atrial
hypertrophy
Aortic stenosis can cause left ventricular
hypertrophy
Mitral regurgitation can cause left atrial
dilatation
Aortic regurgitation can cause left ventricular
dilatation
Aortic stenosis murmur is …
(Three characteristics)
ejection systolic
high pitched
crescendo - decrescendo
Other signs of aortic stenosis (4)
Thrill in aortic area
Slow rising pulse
Narrow pulse pressure
Exertional syncope
Causes of aortic stenosis
Age
Bicuspid aortic valve
Rheumatic heart disease
Characteristics of aortic regurgitation murmur
(3)
early diastolic
soft
rumbling
Other signs of aortic regurgitation (4)
Thrill
Collapsing pulse
Wide pulse pressure
Pulmonary oedema
Causes of aortic regurgitation
age
bicuspid aortic valve
connective tissue disorders
mid diastolic
low pitched
Signs of mitral stenosis (3)
Tapping apex beat
Malar flush
Atrial fibrillation
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
infective endocarditis
Characteristics of a mitral regurgitation murmur (4)
pan- systolic
high pitched / whistling
left axilla radiation
third heart sound
Signs of Mitral regurgitation (3)
Thrill
heart failure
AF
Causes of mitral regurgitation (5)
age
ischaemic heart disease
infective endocarditis
rheumatic heart disease
connective tissue disorders
Characteristics of a tricuspid regurgitation murmur (2)
pan-systolic
split second heart sound
signs of tricuspid regurgitation (5)
Thrill
Raised JVP with giant C-V waves (Lancisi’s sign)
Pulsatile liver
Peripheral oedema
Ascites
Causes of tricuspid regurgitation (6)
Left sided heart failure
infective endocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
carcinoid syndrome
Ebstein’s anomaly
Connective tissue disorder
characteristics of pulmonary stenosis murmur (3)
ejection systolic
heard on deep inspiration
split second heart sounds
Signs of pulmonary stenosis (4)
thrill
raised JVP with giant A waves
peripheral oedema
Ascites
Causes of pulmonary stenosis
Noonan syndrome
Tetralogy of fallot
