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MSRA Cardio > valvular heart disease > Flashcards

valvular heart disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is a 3rd heart sound described as

A

gallop rhythm

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2
Q

In older patients a third heart sound can be suggestive of

A

heart failure

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3
Q

What causes a 4th heart sound

A

Stiff or hypertrophic ventricles

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4
Q

Mitral stenosis can cause left atrial

A

hypertrophy

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5
Q

Aortic stenosis can cause left ventricular

A

hypertrophy

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6
Q

Mitral regurgitation can cause left atrial

A

dilatation

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7
Q

Aortic regurgitation can cause left ventricular

A

dilatation

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8
Q

Aortic stenosis murmur is …
(Three characteristics)

A

ejection systolic
high pitched
crescendo - decrescendo

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9
Q

Other signs of aortic stenosis (4)

A

Thrill in aortic area
Slow rising pulse
Narrow pulse pressure
Exertional syncope

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10
Q

Causes of aortic stenosis

A

Age
Bicuspid aortic valve
Rheumatic heart disease

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11
Q

Characteristics of aortic regurgitation murmur
(3)

A

early diastolic
soft
rumbling

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12
Q

Other signs of aortic regurgitation (4)

A

Thrill
Collapsing pulse
Wide pulse pressure
Pulmonary oedema

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13
Q

Causes of aortic regurgitation

A

age
bicuspid aortic valve
connective tissue disorders

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14
Q
A

mid diastolic
low pitched

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15
Q

Signs of mitral stenosis (3)

A

Tapping apex beat
Malar flush
Atrial fibrillation

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16
Q

Causes of mitral stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease
infective endocarditis

17
Q

Characteristics of a mitral regurgitation murmur (4)

A

pan- systolic
high pitched / whistling
left axilla radiation
third heart sound

18
Q

Signs of Mitral regurgitation (3)

A

Thrill
heart failure
AF

19
Q

Causes of mitral regurgitation (5)

A

age
ischaemic heart disease
infective endocarditis
rheumatic heart disease
connective tissue disorders

20
Q

Characteristics of a tricuspid regurgitation murmur (2)

A

pan-systolic
split second heart sound

21
Q

signs of tricuspid regurgitation (5)

A

Thrill
Raised JVP with giant C-V waves (Lancisi’s sign)
Pulsatile liver
Peripheral oedema
Ascites

22
Q

Causes of tricuspid regurgitation (6)

A

Left sided heart failure
infective endocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
carcinoid syndrome
Ebstein’s anomaly
Connective tissue disorder

23
Q

characteristics of pulmonary stenosis murmur (3)

A

ejection systolic
heard on deep inspiration
split second heart sounds

24
Q

Signs of pulmonary stenosis (4)

A

thrill
raised JVP with giant A waves
peripheral oedema
Ascites

25
Q

Causes of pulmonary stenosis

A

Noonan syndrome
Tetralogy of fallot

MSRA Cardio (8 decks)

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