Hypertension

Question 1

Secondary causes of hypertension

Answer 1

Renal Disease
Obesity
Pregnancy
Endocrine
Drugs

Question 2

Most common cause of secondary hypertension

Answer 2

Renal disease

Question 3

Define stage 1 hypertension in the clinical setting

Answer 3

140/90 to 160/11

Question 4

Define stage 2 hypertension in the clinical setting

Answer 4

160/100 to 180/12

Question 5

Define stage 3 hypertension

Answer 5

Above 180/120

Question 6

What should be done to assess for end organ damage in new HTN

Answer 6

urine dip
urine albumin: creatinine ratio
HbA1C, renal function and lipids
Fundus examination
ECG

Question 7

Step 1 antihypertensive management for age over 55 or black African / Caribbean origin

Answer 7

Calcium channel
blocker

Question 8

Step 1 antihypertensive management for age under 55 or T2DM

Answer 8

Ace Inhibitor

Question 9

Stage 2 antihypertensive management

Answer 9

A+C or A+D or C+D

Question 10

Stage 3 antihypertensive management

Answer 10

A+C+D

Question 11

Stage 4 antihypertensive management

Answer 11

A+C+D + either spironolactone or beta blocker dependant on potassium

Question 12

Spironolactone is a

Answer 12

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 13

How does spironolactone work

Answer 13

blocks aldosterone, increasing sodium excretion and potassium reabsorption

Question 14

Systolic BP target <80

Answer 14

<140

Question 15

Systolic BP target >80

Answer 15

<150

Question 16

Define a hypertensive emergency

Answer 16

BP > 180/120 and retinal haemorrhage or papilloedema

Question 17

Treatment of hypertensive emergency / malignant hypertension

Answer 17

IV sodium nitroprusside, labetalol, GTN, Nicardipine