VALVULAR HEART DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

Stenosis aorta etiologi

A
  1. kelainan kongenital
  2. kalsifikasi katup
  3. rheumatif fever
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2
Q

mekanisme kalsifikasi katup aorta

A

terjadi deposisi lemak dan inflamasi, infiltrasi macrophage + limfosit, fibrosis + kalsifikasi

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3
Q

GK stenosis aorta

A
  1. dyspnea : penurunan oksigen karena aliran darah tidak lancar
  2. syncope : penurunan kompliance LV, end diastolik meningkat, darah ke perifer berkurang, oksigen turun ke otak, syncope
  3. angina : penebalan LV, oksigen demand naik tidak disertai vaskularisasi yang baik pada subendokardial, ischemia, nyeri dada
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4
Q

PF stenosis aorta

A

leher : JVP bisa meningkat kalau ada CHF, suara di karotis
jantung : auskultasi terdengar S4 karena kompliance yang menurun dari LV, S3 kalau gagal jantung, murmur middiastolik dengan cresendo-decresendo, setelah S1 terdengar ejection click

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5
Q

perbedaan S3 dan S4

A

S3 : early diastolic, bisa normal, compliance Ventrikel naik, gejala gagal jantung sistolik
S4 : late diastolic, tidak pernah normal, compliance ventrikel turun, gejala gagal jantung diastolik

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6
Q

ecg pada stenosis aorta

A

R di V6 + S di V1 >35mm, strain pola (q di v1 defleksi negatif dan depresi segmen ST di v5-6)

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7
Q

GK regurgitasi aorta

A

PND, ortopnea, sesak, nyeri dada

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8
Q

PF regurgitasi aorta kronik

A

PND, ortopnea, sesak, nyeri dada
pulsus corrigans
JVP naik
sistolik naik
Muller sign, quincke sign, hills sign, duroziez sign, traube sign

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9
Q

muller sign

A

pulsasi uvula

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10
Q

hills sign

A

tekanan sistolik popliteal >60mmHg dari brachial;

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11
Q

duroziez sign

A

murmur sistolik a femoraliws

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12
Q

traube sign

A

pistol shot a femoralis saat auskultasi

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13
Q

shelly sign

A

pulsasi cervix

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14
Q

landolf sign

A

konstriksi a retina saat sistol dan dilatasi saat diastol

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15
Q

becker sign

A

pulsasi kapiler retina

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16
Q

sailor sign

A

pulsasi lien

17
Q

rosenbach sign

A

pulsasi hepar

18
Q

GK stenosis mitral

A

sesak saat aktivitas, hemoptysis, suara sesak
facies mitral
peningkatan JVP
RVH - CORPULMONALE
S1 keras,opening snap, murmur diastolik

19
Q

mekanisme suara sesak stenosis mitral

A

edema jaringan menyebabkan penekanan laryngeus rekurens

20
Q

mekanisme hemoptysis

A

peningkatan tekanan kapiler menyebabkan pecahnya kapiler

21
Q

mekanisme facies mitral

A

dilatasi pembuluh kapiler wajah karena kronik low cardiac output

22
Q

hubungan regurgitasi aorta dan katup mitral

A

regurgitasi aorta - dilatasi ventrikel - katup mitral tertarik - regurgitasi mitral fungsional

23
Q

GK regurgitasi trikuspid

A

takipnea, hipotensi, shock
kulit : sianosis, ikterik
leher : JVP meningkat, murmur sistolik
Jantung : S3, murmur pansistolik, carvalho sign
abdomen : ascites
ext : edema

24
Q

carvallo sign

A

murmur meningkat dengan inspirasi