Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
What is the purpose of a heart valve?
Maintain forward flow of blood in the heart
Where does the Pulmonary valve lie between?
Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Where does the Tricuspid valve lie between?
Right atrium and ventricle
Where does the Mitral valve lie between?
Left atrium and ventricle
Where does the Aortic valve lie between?
Left ventricle and aorta
Where does the semilunar valve lie between?
Aortic and pulmonary valves
Where does the atrioventricular valve lie between?
Atria to ventricle
What is valvular regurgitation?
Valve not closing properly causing leakage in the previous chamber
True or false. Left valvular side disease is more severe then right
True!
True or false. You can’t have a stenosis and regurgitation in the same valve
False! Rheumatic heart disease consists of both
What causes regurgitation?
- Typically, incompetence of chordae tendinae and tricuspid valve
- Other cause: increase in atrial or ventricle size which pulls on the tendinae and tricuspid valve
What is Valvular stenosis?
A narrowing of the valve due to valve leaflets attaching to each other
What does regurgitation result in (heart remodelling wise)?
hypertrophy of muscles (left side more affected)
What does Valvular stenosis result in (heart remodelling wise)?
A reduction in blood flow results in an increase pressure in the vessel behind and hypertrophy of that chamber
What causes Valvular stenosis?
Rhematic heart disease, genetics, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, calcification from age, MI
What can you observe in people with Valvular stenosis?
Increase systolic blood pressure and stroke volume, narrow pulse pressure, slow faint pulse
What is mitral valve stenosis?
Narrowing of valve from left atrium to ventricle
True or false, end diastolic volume is reduced in Mitral valve stenosis?
True! Due to impaired filling
True or false, impaired diastolic volume will result in reduced systolic ventricular filling?
True! Due to a reduced afterload
What is the cause of Mitral valve stenosis?
Rhematic fever
How often should an echo stress test be done with an exercise physiologist?
1-2 times a year
What are contraindications to exercise in this population?
Absolute - symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Relative - moderate to severe aortic stenosis with uncertain relation to symptoms
True or false, Atrial flutter is most common in this population?
False! Atrial fibrillation ;)
What is the Frank-Sterlin law?
Relationship between stroke volume and EDV
-More EDV = the heart has stretched more
