valvular dz & endocarditis Flashcards
these are causes of what valvular heart dz
supravalvular, subvalvular, valvular (bicuspid, rheumatic, senile degeneration)
aortic stenosis
what is the most common cause of aortic stenosis
senile degeneration
these are causes of what valvular heart dz
- can be from aortic root (marfans, ehlers-danlos, syphilis, dissection, etc) or the valve itself
- causes include endocarditis, dissection, trauma
aortic insufficiency
acute vs chronic aortic regurg (in terms of compliance & filling pressure)
- acute– LV non complaint + volume overload, diastolic pressure increases
- chronic– slow LV dilation w/ long asymp. period; ventricle complaint, near normal filling pressure
acute vs chronic aortic regurg (in terms of compliance & filling pressure)
- acute– LV non complaint + volume overload, diastolic pressure increases
- chronic– slow LV dilation w/ long asymp. period; ventricle complaint, near normal filling pressure
which valve dz is this
Almost always caused by rheumatic heart dz; sx many years after initial episode of rheumatic fever
mitral stenosis
Systolic buckling of the mitral valve leaflets into the L atrium; can result in mitral regurgitation
MVP
this is the etiology of what valve dz (from review sesh)
MVP w/ chordal rupture
endocarditis w/ leaflet destruction
papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture after MI
acute MR
this is the etiology for what valve dz
primary regurg– MVP, endocarditis
secondary/functional regurg– leaflet tethering or mitral valve annulus diltation, dilated cardiomyopathy
chronic MR
- syncope, angina, exertional dyspnea/CHF/decreased functional capacity (don’t need to have all three sx to send for surgery)
- soft or absent S2; pulsus parvus et tardus
AS
intensity does not correspond w/ severity; where it peaks does
these are sx of what
- Acute– few PE findings; murmur soft or nonexistent; sx of underlying process predominate
- Chronic– wide pulse pressure; water hammer pulse; deMusset sign (head bob w/ each heart beat), quincke’s pulse (capillary pulsations in fingertips or lips), laterally displaced PMI
sx of AR
these are sx of what
- Acute– few PE findings; murmur soft or nonexistent; sx of underlying process predominate
- Chronic– wide pulse pressure; water hammer pulse; deMusset sign (head bob w/ each heart beat), quincke’s pulse (capillary pulsations in fingertips or lips), laterally displaced PMI
sx of AR
these are sx of what
- exertional dysnea, afib
- low pitched mid-diastolic murmur w/ opening snap
- Sx of mitral stenosis
these are sx of what
- Acute– tachycardia, HF, hemodynamic shock, Pulmonary edema on CXR, murmur may be soft or inaudible, S3 often present
- Chronic– holosystolic murmur best heard at the apex
sx of MR
midsystolic click followed by a late apical systolic murmur
MVP
