Valvular Disorders Flashcards
Most common valve lesion in adult patients with chronic valvular heart disease.
AS
The most common congenital heart valve defect
Biscuspid aortic Valve
The inheritance pattern of bicuspid aortic valve disease
Autosomal dominant
AS is rarely of clinical importance until the valve orifice has narrowed to ~__ cm2.
1
Severe AS can exist asymptomatically for years due to compensatory _____maintaining stroke volume.
LV hypertrophy
Three cardinal symptoms in AS
Exertional dyspnea
Angina pectoris
Syncope
What is the threshold aortic valve area (AVA) that defines severe AS?
A. <2.0 cm²
B. <1.5 cm²
C. <1.0 cm²
D. <0.6 cm²/m² body surface area
C
What is the typical time to death after the onset of angina pectoris in patients with severe AS if left untreated?
A. 1 year
B. 1.5 years
C. 2 years
D. 3 years
HF 1.5-2yrs
Dyspnea 2 yrs
Syncope 3 years
What is the most likely cause of exertional syncope in patients with severe AS?
A. Systemic hypertension
B. Decline in cardiac output during exercise
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Acute coronary syndrome
B
What is the gold standard imaging modality to evaluate the severity of AS?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
C. Echocardiography
D. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)
C
What is the recommended management for a 75-year-old asymptomatic patient with severe AS, normal LV ejection fraction, and jet velocity >5 m/s?
A. Monitor with serial echocardiograms
B. Start beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors
C. Refer for AVR
D. Treat with TAVI only if symptoms develop
C
Which of the following is TRUE regarding TAVI?
A. It is contraindicated for patients over 80 years old.
B. It requires lifelong anticoagulation for valve durability.
C. It is the treatment of choice for patients with prohibitive surgical risk.
D. It is only approved for low-risk patients.
C
What is the typical annual reduction in valve area in patients with calcific AS?
A. 0.05 cm²
B. 0.1 cm²
C. 0.2 cm²
D. 0.3 cm²
B
Which of the following is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in adults in high-income countries?
A. Rheumatic fever
B. Bicuspid aortic valve
C. Degenerative calcification of the valve cusps
D. Infective endocarditis
C
What is the most accurate definition of severe aortic stenosis?
A. Valve area ≤1.0 cm²
B. Mean gradient ≥30 mmHg
C. Peak jet velocity ≥3 m/s
D. Valve area ≤1.5 cm²
A
Severe AS is defined by a valve area ≤1.0 cm², along with a peak jet velocity ≥4 m/s or mean gradient ≥40 mmHg.
