Pregnancy

Question 1

___ increases by 40% in pregnancy, with most of the increase due to an increase in stroke volume.

Answer 1

Cardiac output

Question 2

Heart rate increases by ~10 beats/min during the ____

Answer 2

third trimester.

Question 3

The diagnosis of hypertension requires the measurement of ___ elevated blood pressures at least ___ apart.

Answer 3

two
4 h

Question 4

Preeclampsia criteria

Answer 4

Criteria (onset after 20 weeks of gestation):
Hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg).
Proteinuria:
24-h urinary protein >300 mg/24 h.
Protein-creatinine ratio ≥0.3.
Can be diagnosed without proteinuria if symptoms or lab abnormalities suggest end-organ damage.

Question 5

HELLP syndrome

Answer 5

hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets)

Question 6

Specific clinical features qualify as evidence of severe disease, including severe hypertension (blood pressure ___), new-onset symptoms (headache not responsive to medications, visual changes, unremitting severe epigastric pain, or pulmonary edema), or laboratory abnormalities signifying thrombocytopenia (platelets <100 × 109 /L), renal insufficiency (creatinine >1.1 mg/dL), or liver impairment (elevation of transaminases to twice the normal concentration).

Answer 6

≥160/110 mmHg

Question 7

The development of elevated blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy in the absence of preexisting chronic hypertension or proteinuria is referred to as ____

Answer 7

gestational hypertension

Question 8

____initiated between ____ weeks of gestation reduces the risk in women at high risk of developing preeclampsia.

Answer 8

Low-dose aspirin

12 and 14

Question 9

This is the preferred agent to prevent eclampsia in patients with preeclampsia with severe features and for treatment and prevention of recurrent seizures in patients with eclampsia.

Answer 9

Magnesium sulfate

Question 10

The first-line agents to manage severe h sion in preeclampsia with consideration of oral agents once blood pressure is controlled.

Answer 10

Labetalol, hydralazine

Question 11

In preeclampsia without severe features, delivery at ____ is recommended.

Answer 11

37 weeks

Question 12

For women with preeclampsia with severe features, delivery is recommended unless the patient is ____ weeks and eligible for expectant management in a tertiary hospital setting.

Answer 12

<34 weeks