Valvular Disease Flashcards
order of valve progression in heart
tricuspid –> pulmonic –> mitral –> aortic
when do the tricuspid and aortic valves open?
during systole
when do the tricuspid and aortic valves close?
during diastole
where do valve abnormalities usually occur?
on left side of heart
valves with stenosis
very tight and stiff; hard for the blood to get through
what valve often experienced stenosis?
aortic
valves with regurgitation
very loose and floppy; blood flows backward with increased pressures
what valve often experiences regurgitation?
mitral
symptoms of aortic stenosis
–syncope
–light headedness
–chest pain
often asymptomatic
symptoms of mitral regurg
–fatigue
–shortness of breath
no chest pain
where does infective endocarditis usually occur? Why?
tricuspid valve; that is the first valve that comes into contact with infected blood from the bloodstream
what can happen if vegetation breaks loose from the tricuspid valve?
pulmonary embolus
what can happen if vegetation breaks loose from mitral valve?
systemic manifestations; clots/septic emboli
risk factors for infective endocarditis
–prosthetic valve
–pacemaker-associated
–IVDA
symptoms in infective endocarditis
–fever
–chills
–anorexia
–weight loss
–myalgias
–arthralgias
–heart murmur
what might be the initial clinical manifestation of IE?
signs of ischemia or infarction of the extremities, spleen, kidney, bowel, or brain
septic emboli
–microorganisms in heart attract WBCs and platelets, which release cytokines and coag factors
–stimulation of coag cascade results in fibrin deposition and development of a vegetation
–fragments of vegetation can embolize into the circulation
classic clinical manifestations of IE: septic emboli
–petechiae
–splinter hemorrhages (fingernails)
–Janeway lesions
–Osler’s nodes
–Roth spots
Janeway lesions
erythematous, nontender lesions on the palms and soles
Osler’s nodes
subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of the fingertips
Roth spots
oval retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
