Endocrine A&P

Question 1

where is the pituitary gland situated?

Answer 1

beneath the hypothalamus at the base of the skull

Question 2

2 lobes of the pituitary

Answer 2

anterior
posterior

Question 3

what is controlled by the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones

Question 4

what hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

Answer 4

TSH
ACTH

Question 5

what hormones are secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

Answer 5

ADH
Oxytocin

Question 6

ADH

Answer 6

–released in response to high serum osmolality and/or hypotension
–causes water retention via action in the kidneys

Question 7

adrenal medulla hormones

Answer 7

–adrenal medulla secretes 2 catecholamines in response to sympathetic nervous system stimulation
–both epi and norepi prolong and enhance effects of sympathetic nervous system
–fight or flight

Question 8

steroid hormones

Answer 8

–secreted by adrenal cortex
–regulate body’s response to normal and abnormal levels of stress
–made on demand and not stored in cells
–three S’s: sugar, sex, salt

Question 9

principle glucocorticoid

Answer 9

cortisol

Question 10

functions of glucocorticoids

Answer 10

–raising blood sugar
–protect against physiologic effects of stress
–suppress inflammatory and immune processes
–release muscle stores of proteins
–increase blood cholesterol

Question 11

principle mineralcorticoid

Answer 11

aldosterone

Question 12

function of mineralcorticoid

Answer 12

–maintain salt and water balance
–promotes secretion of potassium

Question 13

aldosterone and angiotensin II

Answer 13

aldosterone promotes sodium retention and thus water retention

Question 14

what is aldosterone regulated by?

Answer 14

renin-angiotensin system in the kidneys

Question 15

relationship between T4 and T3

Answer 15

T4 is converted to T3 when it reaches organs and tissues to aid in metabolism

Question 16

euthyroid

Answer 16

normally functioning thyroid gland