Valvular Disease

Question 1

Cardiac Output

Answer 1

HR x SV

SV = EDV - ESV

Question 2

Ejection Fraction

Answer 2

(SV/EDV) x 100

Question 3

Mean arterial pressure

Answer 3

(CO x Systemic vascular resistance) + Central venous pressure

DP + 1/3(SP-DP)

Question 4

Infective endocarditis diagnosis

Answer 4

Fever, sweat, weight loss
New heart murmur
Anemia and raised infection marker

Question 5

Infective endocarditis features

Answer 5

Cardiac decompensation - SOB, cough, swelling leg, fatigue

Other - vascular, immune

Question 6

Infective endocarditis location

Answer 6

Endocardium, especially heart

Aortic > mitral > right sided valves

Question 7

Infective endocarditis risk factor

Answer 7

IV user, repeated injection may expose blood to bacteria

Question 8

Duke’s criteria

Answer 8

Major - blood culture positive for typical organism, echocardiogram show valvular vegetation
Minor - predispose cardiac lesion, IV drug use, temperature >38, embolic phenomena, immuno phenomena, positive blood culture for atypical organism

Definitive - 2 major or 1 major and 3 minor
Possible - 1 major and 1 minor or 3 minor