Valves

Question 1

S1 marks the end of ___ and the beginning of ___

Answer 1

diastole ; systole

Question 2

S1 is heard loudest at

Answer 2

the apex of the heart; 5ICS midclavicular

Question 3

S2 marks the end of ___ and the beginning of ___

Answer 3

systole ; diastole

Question 4

S2 is louder with

Answer 4

pulmonary embolism

Question 5

S3 is caused by…

Answer 5

a rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle; aka Ventricular gallop

Question 6

What medical conditions are assocaited with the S3 sound?

Answer 6

heart failure, may occur before crackles;
pulmonary HTN
cor pulmonale
mitral, aortic, or tricuspid insufficiency

Question 7

S4 is caused by…

Answer 7

atrial contraction of blood into a noncompliant ventricle; AKA Atrial gallop

Question 8

What medical conditions are associated with the S4 heart sound?

Answer 8

myocardial ischemia, infarction, HTN, ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic stenosis

Question 9

Pericardial friction rub is due to ___ and associated with pain on ___

Answer 9

pericarditis ; deep inspiration

Question 10

Pulse pressure =

Answer 10

Systolic - Diastolic = Pulse Pressure

Question 11

Normal pulse pressure

Answer 11

40 - 60 mmHg

Question 12

Systolic blood pressure is an indirect measurement of

Answer 12

cardiac output and stroke volume

Question 13

Diastolic blood pressure is an indirect measurement of

Answer 13

systemic vascular resistance

Question 14

___ is 1/3 longer than ___

Answer 14

Diastole is 1/3 longer than systole

Question 15

Murmurs of stenosis

Answer 15

occur when the valve is open; only chronic

Question 16

How will mitral insufficiency look on a PA cath?

Answer 16

will cause large, giant V waves on the pulmonary artery occlusive pressure tracing

Question 17

Murmurs of insufficiency

Answer 17

occur when the valve is closed; can be acute or chronic

Question 18

A Murmur due to VSD is diastolic or systolic?

Answer 18

systolic murmur; 5ICS, left sternal border

Question 19

How is the mitral valve associated with an MI

Answer 19

The mitral valve is attached to the left ventricular wall by the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae. MI can affect mitral valve function and lead to acute mitral valve regurgitation

Question 20

Papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture (surgical emergency) is heard loudest at the

Answer 20

apex

Question 21

The AV valves are ___ during systole

Answer 21

closed

Question 22

The AV valves are ___ during diastole

Answer 22

open

Question 23

The Semilunar valves are ___ during systole

Answer 23

open

Question 24

The semilundar valves are ___ during diastole

Answer 24

closed