Valves Flashcards
S1 marks the end of ___ and the beginning of ___
diastole ; systole
S1 is heard loudest at
the apex of the heart; 5ICS midclavicular
S2 marks the end of ___ and the beginning of ___
systole ; diastole
S2 is louder with
pulmonary embolism
S3 is caused by…
a rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle; aka Ventricular gallop
What medical conditions are assocaited with the S3 sound?
heart failure, may occur before crackles;
pulmonary HTN
cor pulmonale
mitral, aortic, or tricuspid insufficiency
S4 is caused by…
atrial contraction of blood into a noncompliant ventricle; AKA Atrial gallop
What medical conditions are associated with the S4 heart sound?
myocardial ischemia, infarction, HTN, ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic stenosis
Pericardial friction rub is due to ___ and associated with pain on ___
pericarditis ; deep inspiration
Pulse pressure =
Systolic - Diastolic = Pulse Pressure
Normal pulse pressure
40 - 60 mmHg
Systolic blood pressure is an indirect measurement of
cardiac output and stroke volume
Diastolic blood pressure is an indirect measurement of
systemic vascular resistance
___ is 1/3 longer than ___
Diastole is 1/3 longer than systole
Murmurs of stenosis
occur when the valve is open; only chronic
How will mitral insufficiency look on a PA cath?
will cause large, giant V waves on the pulmonary artery occlusive pressure tracing
Murmurs of insufficiency
occur when the valve is closed; can be acute or chronic
A Murmur due to VSD is diastolic or systolic?
systolic murmur; 5ICS, left sternal border
How is the mitral valve associated with an MI
The mitral valve is attached to the left ventricular wall by the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae. MI can affect mitral valve function and lead to acute mitral valve regurgitation
Papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture (surgical emergency) is heard loudest at the
apex
The AV valves are ___ during systole
closed
The AV valves are ___ during diastole
open
The Semilunar valves are ___ during systole
open
The semilundar valves are ___ during diastole
closed
