Valve Heart disease Flashcards

1
Q

What infective endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the endocardium (valves typically) by a microbe. e.g S. aureus (acute) or S. viridans (sub acute)

The lesions are called vegetations. Can occur post surgery or IVDA’s. Also acute or sub acute.

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2
Q

How can rheumatic fever affect valves? (post infection VHD)

A

Recap, caused by grp A streptococcus bacteria (streptococcus pyogenes). Hypersensitivity reaction. (immune response to M proteins on bacteria and our own)

Can cause heart scarring or valve scarring so vegetations, or mitral stenosis. May even be a precursor to endocarditis.

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3
Q

How may rheumatic heart disease be histologically?

A

Presence of Aschoff bodies, foci of CT with lymphocytes, macrophages and shit.

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4
Q

What is NBTE? (NB prostheic tumours end up being hypercoaguable states) and prosthetic valve

A

Non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.Thrombosis on heart valves, due to hypercoaguable state. (in cancer or sepsis)

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5
Q

How may a carcinoid tumour affect the heart?

A

Serotonin secreted will cause SM thickenings on right side if the heart. (paraneoplastic syndrome)

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6
Q

When would valve calcification occur?

A

After extensive cell injury, cells accumulate calcium, If this happens continuously these deposits build up.

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7
Q

What are some congenital valve defects

A

Bicuspid aortic valve; myxomatous mitral valve degenration; stenosis

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