Valve Heart disease Flashcards
What infective endocarditis?
Inflammation of the endocardium (valves typically) by a microbe. e.g S. aureus (acute) or S. viridans (sub acute)
The lesions are called vegetations. Can occur post surgery or IVDA’s. Also acute or sub acute.
How can rheumatic fever affect valves? (post infection VHD)
Recap, caused by grp A streptococcus bacteria (streptococcus pyogenes). Hypersensitivity reaction. (immune response to M proteins on bacteria and our own)
Can cause heart scarring or valve scarring so vegetations, or mitral stenosis. May even be a precursor to endocarditis.
How may rheumatic heart disease be histologically?
Presence of Aschoff bodies, foci of CT with lymphocytes, macrophages and shit.
What is NBTE? (NB prostheic tumours end up being hypercoaguable states) and prosthetic valve
Non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.Thrombosis on heart valves, due to hypercoaguable state. (in cancer or sepsis)
How may a carcinoid tumour affect the heart?
Serotonin secreted will cause SM thickenings on right side if the heart. (paraneoplastic syndrome)
When would valve calcification occur?
After extensive cell injury, cells accumulate calcium, If this happens continuously these deposits build up.
What are some congenital valve defects
Bicuspid aortic valve; myxomatous mitral valve degenration; stenosis