Valve disorders Flashcards
what is a cardiac murmur
an audible turbulence of blood flow through the heart, can be innocent or pathological
what are the 4 auscultation areas of the heart
Aortic, Pulmonary, Tricuspid, Mitral
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describe the different ways in which murmurs can be caused (3)
blood flowing through an abnormal narrowing, blood flowing in the wrong direction, blood flowing through an abnormal connection between 2 parts of the heart
describe what can happen when blood flows through an abnormal connection between 2 parts of the heart
the mixing of blood going in different directions, or too much blood flowing into another heart chamber
describe in which valves stenosis and in which regurgitation would cause a systolic murmur
Aortic = stenosis Pulmonary = stenosis Tricuspid = regurgitation Mitral = regurgitation (these are the systolic murmurs)
describe in which valves stenosis and in which valves regurgitation would cause a diastolic murmur
Aortic = regurgitation Pulmonary = regurgitation Tricuspid = stenosis Mitral = stenosis
describe what causes the first heart sound(S1), and when is it heard
closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves
heard at start of systole
describe what causes the second heart sound(S2), and when it is heard
closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves
heard at end of systole
what murmurs are early diastolic murmurs
aortic and pulmonary regurgitation
what murmurs are mid/late diastolic murmurs
mitral and tricuspid stenosis
what different sounds are heard in systolic murmurs
pansystolic or ejection systolic murmurs
what different sounds are heard in diastolic murmurs
early diastolic or mid diastolic
where are murmurs usually the loudest
in the auscultating region of the valve affected
where do the murmurs aortic regurgitation and stenosis radiate too
regurgitation = left sternal edge stenosis = carotids
where do the murmurs mitral regurgitation and pulmonary stenosis radiate too
mitral regurgitation = axilla
pulmonary stenosis = left shoulder
