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Cardiology > Valve Diseases > Flashcards

Valve Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are systole valve lesions?

A

Aortic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Pulmonic stenosis
Tricuspid regurgitation

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2
Q

What are diastole valve lesions?

A

Tricuspid stenosis
Pulmonic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation

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3
Q

What results in Rheumatic heart disease and which valves are implicated?

A

regurgitation or stenosis
mitral valve always involved
aortic valve less involved

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4
Q

What happens in aortic stenosis?

A

stiff aortic valve –> LV increases pressure (more than aortic) –> increased afterload (bc resistance to flow)

–> there is large systolic pressure gradient btw LV and aorta (pressure stays the same here)

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5
Q

What are clinical festures of aortic stenosis?

A
  • largely in elderly
  • due to calcification/fibrosis of valve
  • wear and tear disease (calcium depsit and collagen breakdown)
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6
Q

T or F: bicuspid aortic valve is more prone to injury overtime

A

T: usually earlier in 50s and 60s

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7
Q

What conditions are associated with bicuspid aortic valve?

A

marfan syndrome
turner syndrome
coarctation of the aorta

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8
Q

What is the classic triad of symptoms in aortic stenoisi?

A
  • HF and pulmonary edema –> increased LVEDP due to increased afterload
  • syncope –> failure to increase CO (during higher metabolic demand) due to increased afterload
  • chest pain (angina) –> increased LVEDP –> less coronary blood flow
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9
Q

What kind of murmur is present with aortic stenosis?

A

systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

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10
Q

What is usallu treatment for AS?

A

Surgery

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11
Q

What happens in mitral stenosis?

A

stiff mitral valve –> LA pressure greater than LV in diastole (because of increased resistance and LVEDP is lower than normal because filling is impeded (ie. less volume less pressure)) –> decreased pre-load

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12
Q

MS is uaually associated with what?

A

rheumatic fever

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13
Q

What is the most common symptom in MS?

A
  • dyspnea (bc increased LA pressures –> pulmonary congestion)
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14
Q

What kind of murmur is expected with MS?

A

diastolic rumble with opening snap

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15
Q

What other symptoms may occur in MS?

A

hemotypsis
atrial fibrilation
stroke (due to AF)
dysphagia/hoarseness (large LA compresses esophagus/recurrent laryngeal nerve)

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16
Q

What happens in aortic regurgitation?

A

blood leaks across valve –> increases preload and SV

chronic: increased afterload bc more stroke volume overtime make the aorta stiff and reduces compliance

–> blowing diastolic murmur

17
Q

What are the causes of AR?

A

dilated aortic root (leaflets pull apart as a result of HTN; syphilis rare)
Bicuspid aortic valve
Endocarditis
Marfan/Turner Syndrome (increased dilated aortic root and bicuspid)

18
Q

What is a classic finding of AR?

A
  • wide pulse (bc leaking into LV causes low diastolic pressure and higher SV creates higher CO which raises LVESP)
19
Q

What happens in mitral regurgitation?

A

blood leaks across mitral valve to LA –> increased LA volume –> increased preload and SV

decreased afterload bc blood can flow to LA and aorta

20
Q

T or F: MR is usually secondary to other heart problems

A

T –> ischemia, LV dilatation (functional MR), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

21
Q

What is the most common cause of primary MR?

A

Mitral valve prolapse (ie. degenerative/myxomatous)

22
Q

What are some causes of MR?

A

endocarditits, rheumatic heart disease, downs (cleft mitral valve, endocardial cushion defect)

23
Q

What are symptoms of MR?

A

HF –> high LVEDP –> pulmonary edema

–> dyspnea, pitting edema

24
Q

What kind of murmjur is in MR?

A

holosystolic murmur at apex –> systolic click

25
Q

RH precipitates from what?

A

streptoccocal pharyngitis

26
Q

Why is RH implicated in valve disease?

A

antobodies to bacterial M proteins crossreact in hearrt

27
Q

What happens to LV as aresult of AS?

A

LV becomes stiff –> higher pressure for any given volume

–> increased LVEDP

28
Q

T or F: supravalvular aortic stenosis mimics AS

A

True: seen in williams syndrome

Cardiology (29 decks)

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