Cardiac Physical Examination Flashcards
Which side has a v -wave dominance?
left atrium has a v-wave dominance (ie. peak of v larger than a)
Where do the a and v waves occur in relation to pulse?
A wave before pulse
V wave after pulse
(ie. pulse in between)
Explain the atrial pressure and waveforms:
See graphs
Where to palpate for carotid pulse when looking at JVP?
Always palpate the contralateral carotid pulse when examining the JVP
T or F: when auscultating one should palpate the pulse as well
T:
Gives an indication of what one is hearing in relation to the pulse
What is an early diastolic sound?
S3
What is a late diastolic sound?
S4
Are valve related sounds more or less high pitched than those created by heart chambers?
More high-pitched
What is normal for S2 sound?
Simultaneous on expiration, split on inspiration (A2 – P2)
What dictates the intensity of S1?
Distance between leaflets
Mobility of leaflets
Contractility of ventricle
What is paradoxical S2 sound?
Simultaneous on inspiration, split on expiration (P2 – A2)
What is a fixed S2 sound?
Split throughout (A2 – P2)
What influences the intensity of the S2 sound?
Mobility of leaflets
“Back Pressure” from great artery (ie. Pulmonary HTN)
But less variable than S1
What are murmurs?
The audible evidence of blood flow: Turbulent flow Pressure gradient Structure through which flow occurs Structures through which sound travels
Where is the pulmonic auscultation area?
2nd – 3rd ICS LSB
