Peripheral Vascular Diseases (Part 2) Flashcards
What are the three arterial diseases?
1) aneurysmal
2) occlusive
3) vasosphatic
What are some occlusive agents?
- atherosclerosis
- Embolic
- Thrombotic
What is a clinical feature of PAD?
claudication (pain on walking)
What accounts 60% (most) of the cases of claudication?
CAD
What are some risk factors for PAD?
- smoking 20x
- family hx 15x
- other atherosclerotic dx 10x
- diabetes 6x
- hypertension 4x
- hyperlipidemia 2x
What are the characteristics of claudication in PAD?
- distance reproducible
- recovery quick and constant
What are the characteristics of ischemia in occlusive disease?
- Pain at rest
- Ischemic ulcer
- Gangrene
T or F: Most patients with claudication are stable or improve
T –> 60-80% improve, 20-30% stable
What are treatment for claudication?
stop smoking, 30-40 min of walking each day, reduce other risk factors
T or F: critical ischemia usually results to limb loss
t
What are the clinical presentations of acute ischemia?
- pain
- pulseless
- pale
- poikilothermia
- paralysis/parathesia
What are some features of chronic ischemia?
- Rest pain
- asymp when sitting down
- lying down causes foot to:
feel pain/burning, cold, numbness/tingling
–> circulation very poor, gravity is required to perfuse
How does the vasculature self-repair if there is stenosis?
1) Colaterals take more a role in perfusing the tissues
2) Muscles adapt and use other molecules other than glucose such as lactic acid for energy purposes
T or F: amputation has a higher 7 day mortality and lower 30 day compared to revascularation (ie. via angiogram, angioplasty).
F:
lower 7day, higher 30day
What is the significance of Law of Leplace?
Increasing radius and decreasing thickness of vessel increases the wall tension. Higher risk for rupture.
