Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICM -- Cardiology > Valve Disease I > Flashcards

Valve Disease I Flashcards

1
Q

Three pathological mechanisms in valve disease?

A

Stenosis
Regurgitation
Prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathological mechanisms associated with Right Sided Heart failure?

A 
Increased RV/RA/Central Venous pressure
Increased JVD
Hepatomegaly
Ascites
Edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathological Mechanisms associated with L sided heart failure?

A 
Increase LA/LV/Peripheral Arterial Pressure
SOB
CHF/Pulmonary Edema
Decreased Ejection Fraction
Decreased Systemic Perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Important things to look for in EKGs?

A

A Fib, Atrial Enlargement, LVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Important things to look for in CXR?

A

Chamber Size, Aortic Dilation, Pulm. Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Purpose of cardiac cath in valvular disease treament?

A

Pre-operative coronary artery evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What might you be looking for in a CT scan or gated MRA?

A

Myxoma/Aorta size evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three types of valve replacement

A

Bioprosthetic
Mechanical
Autograft/Homograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three main causes of tricuspid stenosis?

A

Rheumatic
Carcinoid
Congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rheumatic feveralmost always hits which valve?

A

Mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tricuspid stenosis from Rheumatic fever usually does what to the valve

A

Regurgitation with variable stenosis

Rarely Pure Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is there calfication in Tricuspid stenosis from Rheumatic fever?

A

Nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The hallmark finding of Tricuspid stenosis from Rheumatic fever?

A

Commissural fusion of the valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carcinoid Tricuspid Stenosis is caused by…

A

Its secondary to serotonin production from liver mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome characteristic symptoms

A

Flushing, Diarrhea, Palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Carcinoid disease alter the heart?

A

Fibrous plaques on leaflets
Commissure fusion, thickened/shortened leaflets and chordae
Causes combined stenosis and regurg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms commonly seen in a tricuspid stenosis patient?

A 
Excessive fatigue, Dyspnea
Forward Failure (low preload, low SV, salt/water retention)
Backward Failure (Hepatic congestion/peripheral edema)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is seen in the physical exam of tricuspid stenosis?

A

Mid diastolic murmur over left lower sternal border
Increase with Inspiration
Enlarged, non-pulsatile liver
Peripheral edema

19
Q

CXR findings in a tricuspid stenosis patient?

A

Increased RA, lack of PA enlargement, and clear lung fields

Pathognomonic

20
Q

EKG findings in a tricuspid stenosis patient?

A

Prominent P waves unless A fib present

21
Q

Echo findings in a tricuspid stenosis patient?

A

RA enlargement, leaflet thickening, measure gradient, look for associated lesions

22
Q

Causes of tricuspid regurgitation?

A 
Rheumatic
Endocarditis
Trauma
Carcinoid
Myxoma
Diffuse Collagen disorders
Fibroelastosis
Congenital
23
Q

Infective and Non-infective causes of endocarditis

A

Infective – IV drug abused fucking up their heart

Non – LSE

24
Q

Physical findings in a tricuspid regurgitation patient?

A

Pansystolic murmur – max over lower sternal border
Increases with inspiration
Enlarged liver WITH PULSATIONS, Hepato-jugular reflex
JVD
Edema, Ascites, Anasarca

25
Q

Common EKG finding in Tricuspid Regurg patients?

A

A Fib

26
Q

How to treat a tricuspid valve regurg

A

Observe if mild.
Medical – treat functional disease, diuretics to drop afterload.
Surgical – Tricuspid valve ring valvuloplasty/repair, Commissurotomy, Replacement

27
Q

Why use a C ring…

A

to avoid the conduction system

28
Q

Common causes of tricuspid valve replacement?

A

Infective endocarditis
Carcinoid
Tricuspid Stenosis

29
Q

Most common cause of pulmonary valve lesions?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Atresia

30
Q

Four components of tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding Aorta, VSD, Right Hypertrophy

31
Q

What is a Ross Procedure?

A

Remove pulmonary valve to use as an autograft to replace Aortic valve

32
Q

Why do mitral valve annuli expand?

A

Dilated with the LV

33
Q

Describe the leaflets of the mitral valve?

A

Posterior 2/3 (typically do repairs here)

Anterior 1/3 fixed between, attached to skeleton

34
Q

Consequences of Mitral stenosis?

A

Less LV blood flow, Lower CO
LA hypertrophy (A fib, mural thrombi, systemic embolism)
Pulmonary Hypertension/Vascular Resistance
Pulmonary edema if the pressure bumps up too much

35
Q

Symptoms seen in a mitral stenosis patient

A 
Cough/Congestion/Pulm. Edema
Hemoptysis
Orthopnea
PND
Cardiac Cahexia
36
Q

What is cardia cachexia?

A

unintentional severe weight loss caused by heart failure

37
Q

Ausculatory findings with Mitral stenosis?

A

apical diastolic rumble, Increased 1st heart sound, opening snap

38
Q

Xray findings with Mitral stenosis?

A

Increased LA
Straigh L Heart Border
MV often calcified
Kerley’s Lines

39
Q

How do people get mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic Disease

rarely, congenital lesions, myxoma, or senile calcific disease

40
Q

Mitral stenosis – probably male or female?

A

Female in 2/3 cases

41
Q

Echo findings in Mitral Stenosis?

A

LA enlagement, leaflet thickness, vegitiations, valve area, EF, associated lesions, thrombus, calcification, leaflet doming

42
Q

Medical interventions for Mitral stenosis?

A

Follow echos, look for LA thrombus, MVA, valve gradient, PA pressures, etc.

Percutaneous Balloon commissurotomy

43
Q

Who can go through Percutaneous Balloon commissurotomy?

A 
MVA under 1.5, 
Minimal Ca, 
Favorable anatomy. 
NO LA thrombus
Moderate/Severe MR
44
Q

Will Pulmonary HTN improve after mitral stenosis treatment?

A

Usually

ICM -- Cardiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions