Valve Disease Flashcards
types of cardiomyopathy
abnormality in myocardium
wall thickness
chamber size
mechanical/ electrical dysfunction
primary/ secondary
dilated/ hypertophic/ restrictive
explain dilated cardiomyopathy
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
restrictive cardiomyopathy
ventricles enlarge
walls and septum of ventricles thicken and become stiff
walls of ventricles become stiff but not thickened
functional impairments and causes of dilated CM
ejection fraction - <40%
impaired contractility (systolic)
caused by genetics, alcohol,myocarditis
functional impairments and causes of hypertrophic CM
ejection fraction- 50-80%
impairment of contractility (diastolic)
caused by genetic, diseases, diabetes
functional impairments and causes of restrictive CM
ejection fraction- 45-90%
impairment of compliance (diastolic)
caused by radiation, amyloidosis
conditions associated with heart muscle disease
cardiac infections
molecular
toxins
neuromuscular
immunological
symptoms of dilated CM
enlarged and flabby heart
mural thrombi
hypertrophy with thrombosis
no primary valve problems
symptoms of hypertrophic CM
big myothrophy of myocardium
abnormal diastolic filling
uneven septal thickening
sarcomeric protein gene mutations
symptoms of restrictive CM
may be slightly enlarged ventricles
biatrial dilation
firm, non-compliant myocardium
right sided heart failure
enlargement of right ventricle due to high BP in lungs
vavular heart disease
stenosis- valves dont open completely which impedes blood flow
insufficiency- valves dont close properly allowing slight backflow
patient can have one or both
calcified aortic stenosis
calcified mass within cusps preventing valves from functioning properly
can wear and tear
mitral annular calcification
degenerative
doesn’t affect function (mostly)
leads to regurgitation, stenosis and sudden death
mitral valve prolapse
floppy leaflets
asymptomatic
rheumatic heart disease
deforming fibrotic valvular heart disease
leaflet thickening
pancarditis
migratory polyarthritis
