Values, Ethics, Advocacy Flashcards
Values
Beliefs about the worth of something, what matters, act as a standard to guide ones behavior
Value System
an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of improtance, often leading to a personal code of conduct.
Values influences ______
beliefs about human needs, health, illness, the practice of health behaviors, and human responses to illness.
Professional Values (person-centered care)
Altruism, Autonomy, Human Dignity, Integrity, Social Justice
Altruism
Concern for others, well fare and well being
Autonomy
self-determination, pt right to decisions, and we must respect them as nurses
Human Dignity
Respect for worth + uniqueness of others inherent worth when nurse values + respects all pts and colleagues.
Integrity
Acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice, nurse is honest and provides care based on ethical framework
Social Justice
Upholding moral, legal, humanistic rights
Assurance of equal treatment under the law
Equal access to quality healthcare
3 Main activities of the valuing process
Choosing, Prizing, Acting
Choosing
Choosing freely from alternatives, after careful consideration.
Prizing
Involves something with pride, happiness, and public affirmation
Acting
Combining choice into one’s behavior with consistency and regularity on the value
Ethics
A systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, good and evil, as they relate to conduct and human flourishing
Bioethics
What are my duties and obligations to other people?
What do I owe the common good or public?
What kind of person should I be?
Nursing ethics
Subset of bioethics, formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing
Morals
Personal or communal standards of right and wrong
Ulitarian
rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action
Deontologic
An action is right or wrong independent of its consequences
Beauchamp + childress Principle- based approach to bioethics
Autonomy, Non maleficence, beneficence, Justice
Nurses add fidelity, veracity, accountability, privacy, confidentiality,
Autonomy
Respect the rights of patient or their surrogates to make health care decisions
Non maleficence
Avoid Causing Harm
Beneficence
Benefit the patient, and balance benefits against risks and harms
Justice
Give each their due; act fairly
Using nrs process to make ethical decision
Assess situation,
diagnose the ethical problem by clarifying the ethical issues in nature
Plan (identify and weigh alternatives(using ethical reasoning))
Implementation: decide + compare the outcome of your decision
Evaluate your decision (Good, bad, did it work?) (How can we fix it?) , usually done by an ethical committee
Fidelity
Keep promises
Implications For Autonomy
Provide info and support patients and families need to make the decision that is right for them, including collaborating with other members of the health care team to advocate for the patient
Implications for non maleficence
Seek not to inflict harm; seek to prevent harm or risk of harm whenever possible.
Implications of Beneficence
Commit yourself to actively promoting pts benefit, be sensitive to the fact that individuals (family, professionals, caregivers) may identify benefits and harms differently. A benefit to one may be a burden to another.
Implications for Justice
Always seek to distribute the benefits, risks, and costs of nursing care justly. This may involve recognizing subtle instances of bias and discrimination
Implications of Fidelity
Be faithful to the promise you made to the public to be competent and to be willing to use your competence to benefit the patients entrusted to your care. Never abandon a pt entrusted to your care without first providing for the pts needs.
Care-Based approach
Directs attention to the specific situations of individual patients viewed within the context of their life narrative. This is essential to person-centered care.
Characteristics of the care perspective
Centrality of the caring relationship
Promotion of the dignity and respect of pts as people
Attention to the particulars of individual pts
Cultivation of responsiveness to others and professional responsibility
A redefinition of fundamental moral skills to include virtues like kindness, attentiveness, empathy, compassion, reliability
Advocacy in Nursing Practice
Bridge between pts and resources
Primary commitment to the pt
Prioritization of good of individual pt rather than society in general.
Evaluation of competing claims of pts autonomy and pt well being
Decreased health disparity as a nurse.
ANA statement on advocacy
The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects their rights, health and safety of the pt.
