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Pharmacy Management (P1 Spring) > Value-Added Pharmacy Services- Bonner > Flashcards

Value-Added Pharmacy Services- Bonner Flashcards

1
Q

Types of value-added services provided by pharmacists fall what between two ends of a continuum?

A

Narrow and Comprehensive

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2
Q

Narrow:Point of Care AS Comprehensive: ?

A

Case management

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3
Q

What is the “middle of the road” considered?

A

Wellness/health promotion

- located between the Narrow and comprehensive ends of the continuum

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4
Q

Name the 6 steps in the process of providing Value-Added services.

A
  • Collect pertinent PATIENT DATA
  • EVALUATE/assess patient data
  • Identify PROBLEM
  • Implement PLAN
  • FOLLOW-UP as needed
  • DOCUMENT activities
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5
Q

What part of the process focuses on building the foundation?

A

Data Collection

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6
Q

The AMOUNT and TYPE of INFO needed for data collection is dependent upon what?

A

The type of service offered

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7
Q

________ involves ASSESSMENT, IDENTIFICATION and RESOLUTION of drug therapy problems, DEVELOPMENT of a care plan, and FOLLOW-UP.

A

Medication Management Services

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8
Q

T/F?

Protocols need to be evidence-based and supported by GUIDELINES and PRIMARY literature.

A

True

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9
Q

What may be developed to guide RPh’s Therapeutic decisions AND may be SPECIFIC or GENERAL?

A

Protocols for Medication Management Services

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10
Q

T/F?

Patient education is a component of ALL valued-added pharmacy service.

A

True

Depth of education depends on service

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11
Q

Patient education materials are used to reinforce ______?

A

the message

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12
Q

When assessing the literacy level of the patient what 2 things should be taken into account?

A
  • Patients UNDERSTANDING of English

- The patient’s GENERAL ability to READ and WRITE

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13
Q

Patient Education (3)

A
  • Patient brochures, fliers, videos
  • Assess literacy level of patient
  • AVOID the use of “technical” terms
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14
Q

Name the 4 OUTCOME measures (CHEK)

A
  • Clinical
  • Humanistic
  • Economic
  • Knowledge
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15
Q

Which outcome measurement is MOST readily available (easiest to measure)?

A

Clinical

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16
Q

Which outcome measurement is incorporated into SERVICE DELIVERY?

A

Humanistic (patients quality of life)

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17
Q

Which outcome measurement deals with CLAIMS database search?

A

Economic

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18
Q

Which outcome measurement is an assessment that needs to be provided before and after service is provided?

A

Knowledge

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19
Q

What should be created to provide an organized approach to service delivery?

A

Manual (required by CMS)

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20
Q

What 8 things should a manual include?

A

-PURPOSE of the service
-PATIENT ELIGIBILITY
-How patients will be EVALUATED
-What HAPPENS during each visit
-Outlines DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED
-COPIES of all patient
-ASSESSMENT FORMS
-EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
Keep copies of primary literature
-PROTOCOLS

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21
Q

Where should a manual be kept?

A

In the pharmacy in an easily accessible place.

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22
Q

What should be achieved by a pharmacist BEFORE the start of service?

A

Proficiency

- May require sufficient practice and demonstration of competence before working with patients

23
Q

T/F?

Education and training is key to success.

A

True

  • Pharmacist training
  • Time needed to train and depth of training may vary
24
Q

When must marketing plan be implemented?

A

when the service is ready to be offered

25
Q

What 5 things must pharmacist manage?

A
  • Product/ Service
  • Price
  • Place
  • Promotion
  • Positioning
26
Q

What are 3 strategies for ongoing monitoring?

A
  • Staff meetings
  • Patient/provider feedback
  • Outcomes of the services to the practice
27
Q

T/F?

Staff meetings are Important during implementation and should occur throughout the LIFE of the service/

A

True

28
Q

What type of questions should be asked for patient/provider feedback?

A

OPEN-ended quesions

29
Q

What is a strategy that RPh’s can use to integrate their value-added services with prescribers?

A

Collaborative Practice Agreements

30
Q

Collaborative Practice Agreements require what?

A

regular communication and interaction with other providers (built upon trust, reputation, and network)

31
Q

Collaborative Practice Agreements (2)

A
  • Spell out the responsibilities of each provider and the acceptance of mutually agreed-on drug therapy management protocols
  • Developed over time
32
Q

T/F?

Legal requirements for CPAs are outlined in states’ Pharmacy Practice agreements.

A

True

33
Q

4 stage-process development of collaborative working relationships

A

Stage 1-Professional recognition
Stage 2-Exploration and trial
Stage 3- Professional relationship expansion
Stage 4-Full collaborative working relationship

34
Q

What does adequate compensation for value-added services ensures what?

A

a service is economically viable and sustainable

35
Q

Compensation (4)

A
  • Pharmacy costs
  • Pricing
  • Competitor charges
  • Willingness to pay
36
Q

Name the 3 profitability strategies for compensation?

A
  • Time efficiency
  • pharmacist knowledge
  • the use of technicians for technical tasks
37
Q

Name the 3 types of PRICING.

A
  • Fee-for-Service:
  • Resource-based relative-value scale
  • Capitation
38
Q

When considering pharmacy costs you must determine what 2 types of cost?

A
  • fixed

- variable

39
Q

T/F?

Pharmacy value-added services can improve patient outcomes

A

True

40
Q

Collection of objective lab data may be warranted: (2)

A
  • local laboratories

- point of care

41
Q

Point of care services (5)

A
  • Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA)
  • Ensures labs meet quality standards
  • CLIA-waived tests
  • Certificate of Waiver (COW)
  • OSHA and blood-borne pathogens control plan
42
Q

How is data collected?What is collected?

A
  • via paper or electronically

- demographics, medical history, family/social history, authorization to release medical history

43
Q

CLIA is administered by?

A

CMS

44
Q

How often does COW have to be renewed?

A

every 2 years

45
Q

T/F CLIA waived test MAY be mobile or for a specific location

A

TRUE (depends on what you check off on the application)

46
Q

Collaborative Practice Agreement:

Stage 0

A

professional awareness

47
Q 
Collaborative Practice Agreement:
Stage 1 (Professional recognition)
A

Networking by meeting w/ MDs

48
Q 
Collaborative Practice Agreement:
Stage 2 (Exploration and trial)
A

You are able to have conversations about the VALUE of the services that you can provide to the patients

49
Q 
Collaborative Practice Agreement:
Stage 3 (professional relationship expansion)
A

Providing regular communication back to physicians and provide them with CLINICAL data

50
Q 
Collaborative Practice Agreement:
Stage 4 (full collaborative working relationship)
A

earned over time and is NOT a RIGHT

51
Q

Fee for Service (4)

A
  • Traditional
  • Charge specific rate for a service we provide
  • Focus of the payment that is DIRECTLY related to the action of the provider
  • Not necessarily fulfilling the patients needs
52
Q

Resource based relative value scale

A

payment related to the LEVEL of service provided

53
Q

Capitation

A

Service provided for a FIXED fee; typically depends on the number of patients

Pharmacy Management (P1 Spring) (11 decks)

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