validity reliability

Question 1

defining your population and representation

Answer 1

how the study reflects a larger population

Question 2

how does sampling bias occur

Answer 2

Occurs when certain subgroups are overrepresented or underrepresented. * Range of Factors: Socioeconomic status, Geographic location, Occupation, On-field position in sports, Fitness Level, Age, Experience

Question 3

What are descriptive statistics

Answer 3

provide a summary of the basic features of the Data. ecamples, age height mass competition levels,

Question 4

what are the two key elements of descriptive statistics

Answer 4

mean= represents the average value
standard deviation= hoe spread out the values are around the mean

Question 5

What is reliability

Answer 5

Refers to the reproducibility or consistency of a measurement when it is repeated.

Question 6

INTRA RATER RELIABILITY

Answer 6

how consitent an individual is at measuring a constant phenomanom.

Question 7

INTER RATER RELIABILITY

Answer 7

How consistent different individuals are at measuring the same phenomenon/test

Question 8

INSTRUMENTAL RELIABILITY

Answer 8

How consistent an instrument is in measuring the same phenomenon/test

Question 9

What is the common measurement

Answer 9

Several statistical measures can be used to quantify the consistency of the data.

Question 10

the correlation co efficient

Answer 10

Pearsons (r) is common
* Closer to 1 or -1 the closer the relationship, 0 is no relationship

Question 11

co efficient of variation

Answer 11

lower percentage of variation the better

Question 12

intraclass correlation co efficient

Answer 12

Essentially a reliability index. Kappa is
common in inter rater analysis

Question 13

standard error of measurement

Answer 13

Closer to 1 the lower the error eg. “the SEM for intra rater test-retest reliability was 0.98”

Question 14

What is validity

Answer 14

How sound is the research, in aspects of designs and methods , findings truly represent the value you want to measure

Question 15

Construct validity

Answer 15

does the test measure the concept it intends to measure

Question 16

content validity

Answer 16

is the test fully representatie of what it entails to measure

Question 17

What is internal validity

Answer 17

Refers to the degree to which the results of a study accurately reflect the relationship between the variables being studied
* High internal validity means that the study is well-constructed, and any observed effects are likely due to the variables being studied rather than other confounding factors.
* Common Threats to Internal Validity: * Population
* Choice of participants can affect internal validity if the sample is not representative of the population being studied.
* Data Collection
* Method of data collection can also introduce bias or error
* Equipment
* Reliable and well-calibrated equipment is essential for gathering accurate data.

Question 18

Instrument validity

Answer 18

Measures what it is supposed to.
* Often in comparison to the gold standard at the time (criterion variable).

Question 19

External validity

Answer 19

extent to which you can generalize your findings to other contexts , cannot be applied to other environments or groups.
eg weightloss study in japan not applicable to ireland
or it is not applicable in the real world due to cost or demands

Question 20

Face Validity

Answer 20

Does the method measure what it is intended to measure? commonly subjected by subject exports