Validity and Reliability Flashcards
What is a hypothesis?
A statement that can be tested to see if it is true.
What is a research hypothesis?
A type of hypothesis that is not detailed enough to carry out an experiment on.
What is an alternate hypothesis?
Starting phrase?
A type of hypothesis that an investigation can be based on.
“There will be…”
What is a null hypothesis?
Starting phrase?
A type of hypothesis that says there will be no link between the independent variable and the dependent variable. “There is no significant difference….”
What happens to the hypotheses at the end of the experiment?
The alternate and null hypothesis are either accepted or rejected.
What is a one-tailed hypothesis?
A type of hypothesis that predicts HOW one variable affects another. Bla will increase/decrease bla.
What is a two-tailed hypothesis?
A type of hypothesis that predicts there will be a link between two variables, but does not state how.
What is the independent variable?
The factor that you change.
What is the dependent variable?
The factor you measure and that should be affected directly by the independent variable.
What are extraneous variables?
Factors other than the independent variable that could affect the dependent variable that aren’t supposed to. They can be controlled by researchers.
What are confounding variables?
Factors other than the independent variable that could affect the dependent variable that aren’t supposed to. They can NOT be controlled by researchers.
What is the problem with a small sample size?
A small sample size increases the effect of individual differences on the distortion of the results.
