Validity

Question 1

What are the two types of validity?

Answer 1

• internal validity
• external validity

Question 2

what is internal validity?

Answer 2

whether the study measures what it intends to measure

Question 3

what is external validity?

Answer 3

whether the study paints a true picture of real-life behaviours (mundane realism) and would apply to different places, times or people (population validity)

Question 4

What are the 2 main validity issues?

Answer 4

• Extraneous and confounding variables
• Low mundane realism

Question 5

What is researcher bias?

Answer 5

the researcher can directly or indirectly influence the result of a study, through the process of designing the study or through the way the research was conducted or analyzed

Question 6

What are demand characteristics?

Answer 6

when participants unconciously work out the aim of the study and act differently than how they would normally

Question 7

What is social desirability?

Answer 7

when participants give the response that they think will show them in the best possible light, meaning they are not atrue reflection of their thoughts/feelings

Question 8

How can we deal with researcher bias?

Answer 8

researcher bias can be overcome with a double blind procedure. this involves neither the researcher collecting the data, nor the participant involved, knowing the true aims of the study. this also reduced demand characteristics

Question 9

How can we reduce social desirability and demand characteristics?

Answer 9

social desirability and demand characteristics can be reduced with a single blind procedure, where the participants dont know the intentions of the study, and therefore cannot change their behaviour accordingly

Question 10

What are the five ways of assessing validity?

Answer 10

• face validity
• predictive validity
• content validity
• concurrent validity
• construct validity

Question 11

what is face validity?

Answer 11

whether the test appears to measure what it claims to, and therefore is objective.

Question 12

what is predictive validity?

Answer 12

The degree to which a test predicts a future outcome on a more broadly related topic.

Question 13

what is content validity?

Answer 13

When you use a panel of experts to check whether you are measuring what you intend to measure

Question 14

what is concurrent validity?

Answer 14

Comparing your test to a pre-established test. If results are similar then it is valid

Question 15

what is construct validity?

Answer 15

When you clearly define what you are aiming to measure and then you make sure that all parts of the DV are being measured