Validity

Question 1

define validity

Answer 1

the extent to which am observed effect is genuine
r we measuring what we intended to?

Question 2

internal validity

Answer 2

does it measure what it was supposed to measure

Question 3

external validity

Answer 3

can it be generalised beyond the research setting which it was found beyond context

Question 4

threats to internal validity

Answer 4

extraneous variables
confounding variables
demand characteristics
investigator effects
leading questions
social desirability bias

Question 5

what’s another word for temporal validity?

Answer 5

historical validity

Question 6

define temporal validity

Answer 6

extent to which behaviours observed/recorded in a study can be generalised to other historical periods

Question 7

example of temporal v

Answer 7

Asch + high rates of conformity might be to do with conformist era in USA history

Question 8

ecological validity

Answer 8

extent to which behaviours observed/recorded in a study reflect the behaviours that actually occur in the real world

acsh - artificial task so low ec val but described processes we see in everyday life so acc high ec val and has mundane realism

Question 9

how do you assess validity?

Answer 9

face and concurrent validity

Question 10

define face validity

Answer 10

extent to which test items look like what the test claims to measure
one or more judges asses weather the test seems appropriate + suggest charges if necessary

Question 11

define concurrent validity

Answer 11

-means of establishing validity by comparing an established existing test or questionnaire with the one you r interested in.
-new measure test scored r correlated with those from established valid test
-low correlation = change test

Question 12

How to improve validity (experimental)

Answer 12

-use a control group so researcher can assess changes in dv r due to iv
-standardise procedures to minimise impact of participant reactivity/investigator effects
-use of single/double bind procedures = reduce demand characteristics as single - they only know aims once taken part

Question 13

How to improve validity (questionnaires)

Answer 13

-lie scale - set qs to see if truthful + control social desireabillity bias
-telling participants they can be anonymous

Question 14

How to improve validity (observations)

Answer 14

-use covert observations to increase ecological validity
-have clear behavioural categories that don’t overlap

Question 15

How to improve validity (qualitative methods)

Answer 15

-more in depth + in detail data
-triangulation (using different sources)
-interpretive validity (including quotes + consequences)