Vaginal Flashcards
What type of vaginal discharge is normal?
Transparent, mucous, white/yellowish, 1-4mls per 24hrs
What type of discharge is produced in bacterial vaginosis?
Thin, profuse, fishy smelling discharge
What type of discharge is produced in a candida infection?
Thick, curd like, white, itchy and sore
What type of discharge is produced in a chlamydia infection?
Purulent discharge
What type of discharge is produced in a trichamonas infection?
offensive yellow, frothy, itchy, dysuria, abdominal pain
What are the investigations to identify the cause of vaginal discharge?
Nucleic acid amplification test
Blood tests - Syphilis
Vaginal pH test
What type of cancer is most common in the vagina?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What are the risk factors for vaginal cancer?
DES exposure HPV Smoking HIV Older age
What are the signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer?
Vaginal bleeding
Bloody discharge
What investigations are used to diagnose vaginal cancer?
Colposcopy Biopsy CT Scan FDG PET CXR Cystoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
What is a rectocele?
Vaginal wall bulges due to thin wall of tissue that separates rectum from vagina weakening.
What are the causes of posterior vaginal prolapse?
Pregnancy
Childbirth
Chronic constipation
Repeated heavy bleeding
What are the risk factors for rectocele?
Childbirth
Ageing
Obesity
What are the signs and symptoms for a rectocele?
Asymptomatic
Soft bulge of tissue in vagina
Difficulty moving bowels
What investigations are used to diagnose a rectocele?
Pelvic exam
MRI/X ray
What is the management for a rectocele?
Kegel exercises
Pessary
Surgery
What is a bartholins cyst?
Fluid within one of the bartholins glands of the vagina - ducts become blocked
What causes a bartholins cyst?
E. coli MRSA STIs Staph Aureus Group B strep
What are the risk factors for a bartholins cyst?
Previous bartholins cyst
Sexual Activity
History of vulval surgery
What are the signs and symptoms of bartholins cyst?
Unilateral labial mass
Soft, fluctuant, non tender
What is the treatment for a bartholins cyst?
Incision and drainage
Antibiotics if infection
What are the two types of vaginal septum that can occur?
Longitudinal
Transverse
What are the signs and symptoms of vaginal septum?
Pain when inserting tampon
Menstrual blood leaks when using tampon
What is the treatment for a vaginal septum?
Surgery
What is endometriosis?
Endometrial glands present outside the uterine cavity
What are the risk factors for endometriosis?
Early menarche
Family history
Short menstrual cycles
Defects in uterus or fallopian tubes
What are the signs and symptoms of endometriosis?
Cyclical pelvic pain
Pain during menstruation and sex
Infertility
Pelvic mass
What investigations are done to diagnose endometriosis?
Laparoscopy - chocolate cysts, adhesions and peritoneal deposits
Transvaginal ultrasound
Hysterosalpingography
MRI Pelvis
What is the treatment for endometriosis?
Analgesia
NSAIDs
COCP
Laser ablation if severe
